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Sodium salicylate (NaSal), a chemopreventive drug, has been shown to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest depending on its concentrations in a variety of cancer cells. In A549 cells, low concentration of NaSal (5~10 mM) induces cell cycle arrest, whereas it induces apoptosis at higher concentration of 20 mM. In the present study, we examined the molecular mechanism for NaSal-induced cell cycle arrest. NaSal induced expression of p53, p21 (Waf1/Cip1), and p27 (Kip1) that play important roles in cell cycle arrest. p53 induction was mediated by its phosphorylation at Ser-15 that could be prevented by the PI3K-related kinase (ATM, ATR and DNA-PK) inhibitors including wortmannin, caffeine and LY294002. In addition, NaSal-induction of p21 (Waf1/Cip1) was detected in p53 (+/+) wild type A549 cells but not in p53 (-/-) mutant H1299 cells, indicating p53-dependent p21 (Waf1/Cip1) induction. In contrast, p27 (Kip1) that is a negative regulator of cell cycle with p21 (Waf1/Cip1) was observed both in A549 cells and H1299 cells. Thus, 5 mM NaSal appeared to cause cell cycle arrest through inducing the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (Waf1/Cip1) via PI3K-related protein kinase-dependent p53 activation as well as by up-regulating p27 (Kip1) independently of p53 in A549 cells.

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INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Acknowledgements
REFERENCES

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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2009-510-016767859