In his doctoral thesis Structurwandel der Offentlichkeit: Untersuchungen zu einer kategorie der burgerlichen Gesellschaft(1962) Jurgen argued that an abstract realm which said public space(Offentlichkeit) that is constituted by institute of salons, cafe, academies and philosophical(science, literary) societies, theatre, freemasonry loge, book, journal, press and polite conversation for secular commercial life in social relation. That space was constituted by network of voluntary association and non-official relation of sociability of new experience and psychological world. This notion is theoretical device which revealed new socio-political consciousness, constituted in public sphere which transcends private life of individual but divide from state. In this realm the institutes of public sphere has duality of one explained form of sociability and another tool of class struggle, reconciliation and unification. Of them salon was an institute led by women. In 17th century its model of sociabilite was realm of reprasentative Offentilichkeit of aristocracy derived from notion of polite conversation of court. in 18th century Enlightenment salon was emerged as public space thanks expanded network of public opinion and radically proliferated imprint. And freemason was secret organization as a effect of product of absolutist political culture when politic was regarded as a secrecy only comprehensible to privileged minority. Where as it was anti-propositional to openness and approachment which are distinct of institute and practice of Enlightenment public space. Academie was also ruling class culture, but rational suspect and critic of its member’s fundamental attitude has promoted creative competition and development of literature, science and art. So they took some charge of role of mechanics, designed to Enlightenment thought and progress of humankind in Pan-European scale. Especially periodicals are was most dynamic part for making of public opinion. Still that time, sophisticated interception and control have manipulated, but many kind of press and journals was led formation of public opinion in political public space.
Dans Structurwandel der Offentlichkeit: Untersuchungen zu kategorie der burgerlichen Gesellschaft(1962) Jurgen Habermas a propose une these d la culture politique des dernieres annees de L’Ancien Regime. Pendant cette periode, un nouveau type d’espace public(Offentlichkeit) s’etablit, constitue par salons, cafes, academies, societes, thatres, franc-macons’ Les idees s’echangent dans les livres, les journals, les magazines et dans conversation de la polies. A la base de l’etablissement de cet espace, il y a avant tout une societe commerciale seculaire qui a besoin de reseaux de relations mutuelles. L’espace public est un outil theorique qui traduit la formation d’une nouvelle socio-politique conscience. Et il existe deux explications differentes, don’t l’un atteste la sociabilite, et l’autre la social lutte, le rapprochement, l’unite du institutution de l’espace public. D’aborde, les salons etaient conduits par les femme, en seconde moitie du ⅩⅧ<SUP>e</SUP> siecle. Et c’est l’espace public fonde sur les institution de la Luimiere qui a forme l’alliance des philosophes et des elites de L’Ancien Regime. Cela n’a rien a avoir avec les salons aristocratique du ⅩⅦ<SUP>e</SUP> siecle qui comme institution implique reprasentative Offentilichkeit. Le rapprochement et l’ouverture qui caracterise l’image des instititutions et la praxis de l’espace public en Luimiere. Mais en revanche la franc-maconnerie acquiert aussitot l’image de l’organisation secrete produisant une culture politique de l’absolutisme, compris seulement a une minorite initiee. Les Academies etaient aussitot les institution culturlles definies par ses pratiques de sociabilite propre a la classe dominante. Mais l’attude fondamentale ses membre a ete basee sur le raisonnement critique qui a pu promouvoir la creation et le proges humain a travers tout europeenes. La presse etait plus dynamique et constituait l’outil essentiel de la formation de l’opinion publique. A certains egard les journaaux etait un moyen d’information de l’elite internationale, qui comme la ‘Gazette de France’ ont eu une tre grand influence dans le domaine de la politique, malgre le fait que le gouvernement a du intervenir et controler de maniere subtile.