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There is dispute on the influence and role of Stalin to the outbreak and preparing of Korean War. This article deals with the role of Stalin based on the newly found Russian documents and North Korean documents captured by U.S. army during the Korean War.
The Korean War is prepared, started, and continued by the North Korean leaders such as Kim Il-sung and Park Hon-young. From the early 1949, Kim and Park exhibited their strong will of military attack to South Korea. They took the initiative of attacking South Korea on the 38th parallel after August 1949. They appealed Stalin several times to approve their military attack on South Korea from 1949 to 1950. Kim, Il-sung and Park, Hon-young, the North Korean leaders are the prime mover of Korean war. But the decision authority to start war was not within their jurisdiction. It’s the right of Stalin, the leader of international communist movement.
The North Korean will of hostilities was very firm, but the power to authorize the attack plan and start the war was not theirs. It’s what Stalin have done before the outbreak of Korean War.
The major attack divisions of North Korean Army were from Chinese Communist Army from mid 1949 to May 1950. The attack weapons and facilities like T-34 tanks and airplanes were from Soviet arsenals. The attack plans were designed by the newly arrived Soviet military advisers in May 1950. As a result, the nature and strength of North Korean Army was not a real indigenous one, but a imported mixture of Soviet-Chinese aids. There were nothing for Kim, Il-sung to decide major political-military problems by himself without Stalin’s approval during the Korean War. When the Chinese Volunteer Army intervened to the Korean War, North Korean Army was put into the control of Headquarters, Korean-Chinese Combined Forces, commanded by Chinese generals.
Stalin never encouraged nor ordered Kim, Il-sung to attack South Korea. But at the time of Korean War outbreak, he was the last decision-maker and responsible person. He was the supreme commander for Kim, Il-sung. He advised Kim, Il-sung what to do but it became an order to Kim. His attitude to military attack was very passive and negative one. He worried about the military intervention of U. S. But he was the only fountain of authority for North Korean’s way to the Korean War.
When Stalin expressed his views on starting the Korean war as “the righteous counter attack on provoked invasion” in March 1949, it became the nucleus of North Korean’s war planning. North Korea planned their military attack based on the Stalin’s instruction. The most important planning, i.e., to start the war in Ongjin peninsula, disguise her start of war by the counter attack to the South Korean invasion, and make a strong propaganda maneuvers against South Korea were based on “the righteous counter attack on provoked invasion” theory.
The influence and role of Stalin at the beginning of Korean War was different from his during the advance of war and armistice negotiation. Stalin always worried about the conflict with U.S. and never gave full military support to North Korea. He was the highest commander of communist brotherhood, but never paid his dues. He banned his military advisors to cross the 38th parallel when the war started, never gave military assistance to North Korea when the United Nation started their north march to Pyongyang. Stalin even thought to abandon North Korea, if Chinese Communist would not save Kim, Il-sung. So the passive and negative attitude of Stalin influenced the future relations between North Korea and Soviet. After the armistice, North Korean started their Juche ideology from their Korean war experiences. It was a declaration of independence by Kim, Il-sung from the influence and interference of two communist brotherhood countries.
The Korean War is prepared, started, and continued by the North Korean leaders such as Kim Il-sung and Park Hon-young. From the early 1949, Kim and Park exhibited their strong will of military attack to South Korea. They took the initiative of attacking South Korea on the 38th parallel after August 1949. They appealed Stalin several times to approve their military attack on South Korea from 1949 to 1950. Kim, Il-sung and Park, Hon-young, the North Korean leaders are the prime mover of Korean war. But the decision authority to start war was not within their jurisdiction. It’s the right of Stalin, the leader of international communist movement.
The North Korean will of hostilities was very firm, but the power to authorize the attack plan and start the war was not theirs. It’s what Stalin have done before the outbreak of Korean War.
The major attack divisions of North Korean Army were from Chinese Communist Army from mid 1949 to May 1950. The attack weapons and facilities like T-34 tanks and airplanes were from Soviet arsenals. The attack plans were designed by the newly arrived Soviet military advisers in May 1950. As a result, the nature and strength of North Korean Army was not a real indigenous one, but a imported mixture of Soviet-Chinese aids. There were nothing for Kim, Il-sung to decide major political-military problems by himself without Stalin’s approval during the Korean War. When the Chinese Volunteer Army intervened to the Korean War, North Korean Army was put into the control of Headquarters, Korean-Chinese Combined Forces, commanded by Chinese generals.
Stalin never encouraged nor ordered Kim, Il-sung to attack South Korea. But at the time of Korean War outbreak, he was the last decision-maker and responsible person. He was the supreme commander for Kim, Il-sung. He advised Kim, Il-sung what to do but it became an order to Kim. His attitude to military attack was very passive and negative one. He worried about the military intervention of U. S. But he was the only fountain of authority for North Korean’s way to the Korean War.
When Stalin expressed his views on starting the Korean war as “the righteous counter attack on provoked invasion” in March 1949, it became the nucleus of North Korean’s war planning. North Korea planned their military attack based on the Stalin’s instruction. The most important planning, i.e., to start the war in Ongjin peninsula, disguise her start of war by the counter attack to the South Korean invasion, and make a strong propaganda maneuvers against South Korea were based on “the righteous counter attack on provoked invasion” theory.
The influence and role of Stalin at the beginning of Korean War was different from his during the advance of war and armistice negotiation. Stalin always worried about the conflict with U.S. and never gave full military support to North Korea. He was the highest commander of communist brotherhood, but never paid his dues. He banned his military advisors to cross the 38th parallel when the war started, never gave military assistance to North Korea when the United Nation started their north march to Pyongyang. Stalin even thought to abandon North Korea, if Chinese Communist would not save Kim, Il-sung. So the passive and negative attitude of Stalin influenced the future relations between North Korea and Soviet. After the armistice, North Korean started their Juche ideology from their Korean war experiences. It was a declaration of independence by Kim, Il-sung from the influence and interference of two communist brotherhood countries.
목차
머리말
1. 소련의 대남 무력공격 승인과 무장 지원
2. 북한의 개전 전략과 공격계획의 수립
맺음말
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