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This paper attempts to put East Asian interstate relations in their proper historical and geopolitical setting through investigation of the rhetoric and reality as well as meaning and function of tributes(朝貢) and treaties(盟約). The tribute system model provided a description of the basic features of premodern East Asian interstate relations in theory and practice and showed how such a system became so deeply embedded in traditional Chinese political ideology. However, it is misleading to equate the nominal forms and terminologies of the hierarchical "tribute system" with the actual existence of the China-centered international order.
In East Asian multistate system from the 10th to the 13th century, Song(宋) China was merely one "among equals." The Khitan Liao(契丹), Jurchen Jin(金), Tangut Xia(夏) and Korean Goryeo(高麗) were not mere "peripheral" states, and they did not accept the empty rhetoric of the Han Chinese superiority in East Asian interstate relations.
In the multistate system, treaties (or covenants) such as the Treaty of Shanyuan(?淵之盟) were maintained between "equal" states, whereas tributes(朝貢) and investitures(?封) supposedly governed other "unequal" interstate relations. However, a critical investigation of historical records indicates that both the treaties and tributes functioned in a similar way to ensure mutual political recognition and border security. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of East Asian multistate system, one must overcome a deep attachment to the ritual and nominal terminology of the tribute system and instead look into pragmatic foreign policies in the international order maintained by the balance of power.
In East Asian multistate system from the 10th to the 13th century, Song(宋) China was merely one "among equals." The Khitan Liao(契丹), Jurchen Jin(金), Tangut Xia(夏) and Korean Goryeo(高麗) were not mere "peripheral" states, and they did not accept the empty rhetoric of the Han Chinese superiority in East Asian interstate relations.
In the multistate system, treaties (or covenants) such as the Treaty of Shanyuan(?淵之盟) were maintained between "equal" states, whereas tributes(朝貢) and investitures(?封) supposedly governed other "unequal" interstate relations. However, a critical investigation of historical records indicates that both the treaties and tributes functioned in a similar way to ensure mutual political recognition and border security. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of East Asian multistate system, one must overcome a deep attachment to the ritual and nominal terminology of the tribute system and instead look into pragmatic foreign policies in the international order maintained by the balance of power.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 다원적 국제질서에서의 군주칭호와 연호시행
Ⅲ. 다원적 국제질서와 맹약
Ⅳ. 송나라 책봉의 의미
Ⅴ. 맺음말
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2009-910-016393159