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- 자료유형
- 학술저널
- 저자정보
- 발행연도
- 2002.6
- 수록면
- 5 - 36 (32page)
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Buddha's Dress is an important part of the studies on the style of Buddha image and the drawings, because Bauddha image acutely implicates the era of making Buddha image and reveals its characteristics. The two-clothes-overlapped mode (二重着衣法) is useful for examining the style and the characteristics of the drawings during the era that Buddha's Dress of Indian style was introduced into China and Korea.
The two-clothes-overlapped mode appeared in Buddha images of the Three kingdoms period, the Unified Shilla, Koryo and the Chosun dynasty. It has been discussed that the two-clothes-overlapped mode differs from the covering mode (通肩着衣法), but Buddha image in the Unified Shilla has been unclearly recognized that the two-clothes-overlapped mode is the covering mode. In this paper, I intend to unravel the fact that lots of Buddha images in the late Unified Shilla period are clothed by the two-clothes-overlapped mode, not the covering mode.
The two-clothes-overlapped mode of Buddha image in the Unified Shilla differs from the two-clothes-overlapped mode of the Three kingdoms period, Koryo and the Chosun dynasty. In the two-clothes-overlapped mode of the Unified Shilla, Sa?gh??i is clothed by the open mode (偏袒右肩着衣法) in a sense that Sa?gh??i (僧伽梨, 大衣) does not cover the part of a right shoulder. This mode of clothing appeared in the stone seated Buddha of Kunwi (軍威) in the early Unified Shilla period. Sa?gh??i of the stone seated Buddha of Kunwi is clothed by the open mode after wearing the Sangui on both shoulder's of the Buddha image,
The two-clothes-overlapped mode is the open mode in that Sa?gh??i does not cover a shoulder on the right side of the Buddha image. It appeared around the Sui and T' ang dynasty period in China. Sa?gh??i of the stone seated Buddha of Kunwi (軍威) compared with sculptures of Grotto in the Early T' ang (唐) dynasty at Long Man Grotto (龍門石窟), is clothed by the open mode, such as the clothing mode of Buddha images in the areas of Huijiandong (惠簡洞), Jingshansidong (敬善寺洞) and Qiansisidong (潛溪寺洞). The two-clothes-overlapped mode of the stone seated Buddha of Kunwi (軍威) is not influenced by the two-clothes-overlapped mode of the Sui (隋) and T‘ ang (唐) dynasty, and it is the start of the two-clothes-overlapped mode of the late Unified Shilla period, On the other hand, the Buddha image in the 9th century in the Tang dynasty of China is the open mode in that Sa?gh??i covers a right shoulder.
In chapter Ⅱ (The two-clothes-overlapped mode), the discussion on the title of Buddha's Dress is pursued. It has been considered that the two-clothes-overlapped mode has two kinds of meaning. The first one is to wear Buddha's Dress over the Pyunsam (偏衫), and the second one is to wear two sheets of Buddha's Dress, The outer garment is Sa?gh??i, and the inner garment has been considered as either the Pyunsam or Buddha' s Dress. Grounding on the theory of Henmi Baiei (逸見梅榮), "the inner garment under Sa?gh??i" is the Pyunsam, which covers the exposured upper body of Buddha image because Sa?gh??i is worn by the open mode, This view that "the inner garment under Sa?gh??i" is the Pyunsam by Henmi Baiei has been a common theory until now. Another view of the inner garment is that "the inner garment under Sa?gh??i" is Uttar?sa?ga (鬱多羅僧, 上衣), and this opinion is from old books which said that Uttar?sa?ga can be clothed with Sa?gh??i,
The Pyunsam emerged in China in order to cover the exposed upper body of the Buddha image, and its style is to attach a right sleeve to samkakasika (僧脚崎). The Pyunsam is a Chinese clothing that has both sleeves and the front-opened hem. On the other hand, Uttar?sa?ga ga zdoes not show some parts of itself to us because it is covered by Sa?gh??i. For example, the Buddha image in the late Unified Shilla period shows all of the righthand backside, right lateral side and fore lefthand side of inner side of Sa?gh??i, because Sa?gh??i does not cover a right shoulder of the Buddha image, Uttar?sa?ga is not a coat, We can see that Uttar?sa?ga is connected to the upper hem of arms because "the inner garment" is revealed over Sa?gh??i, Therefore, Uttar?sa?ga is not sleeved clothes, but "clothes of one sheet" not to be cut, For example, "the inner garment" of Bodhi-?rimudra (智卷印) Buddha image is a shape of “Ω” which "the inner garment" is flowed out of Sa?gh??i. Thus, Uttar?sa?ga, "the inner garment" is not the Pyunsam that has both sleeves and front opened hem, and is evidently 'Clothes of One sheet".
The style of Buddha's Dress has changed in many ways during the era of being introduced from India into China, Korea and Japan, but it had the true meanings until recent period. Consequently, in this paper, it is supposed that "the inner garment under Sa?gh??i" is clothed by the two-clothes-overlapped mode, and "the inner garment" is Uttar?sa?ga, the Sangui (上衣), which is one of three types of clothes in India. Furthermore, we can presume that two sheets of the two-clothes-overlapped mode are Uttar?sa?ga, namely the Sangui and the Sa?gh??i. This can renew the recognition of the two-clothes-overlapped mode, that wears two sheets of clothes, among the clothing modes of Buddha image in the late Unified Shilla period. It is regrettable to be arranged only the dessimination of the two-clothes-overlapped mode in the late Unified Shilla period. I hope to examine later the origin and the cause of emergence of the two-clothes-overlapped mode.
The two-clothes-overlapped mode appeared in Buddha images of the Three kingdoms period, the Unified Shilla, Koryo and the Chosun dynasty. It has been discussed that the two-clothes-overlapped mode differs from the covering mode (通肩着衣法), but Buddha image in the Unified Shilla has been unclearly recognized that the two-clothes-overlapped mode is the covering mode. In this paper, I intend to unravel the fact that lots of Buddha images in the late Unified Shilla period are clothed by the two-clothes-overlapped mode, not the covering mode.
The two-clothes-overlapped mode of Buddha image in the Unified Shilla differs from the two-clothes-overlapped mode of the Three kingdoms period, Koryo and the Chosun dynasty. In the two-clothes-overlapped mode of the Unified Shilla, Sa?gh??i is clothed by the open mode (偏袒右肩着衣法) in a sense that Sa?gh??i (僧伽梨, 大衣) does not cover the part of a right shoulder. This mode of clothing appeared in the stone seated Buddha of Kunwi (軍威) in the early Unified Shilla period. Sa?gh??i of the stone seated Buddha of Kunwi is clothed by the open mode after wearing the Sangui on both shoulder's of the Buddha image,
The two-clothes-overlapped mode is the open mode in that Sa?gh??i does not cover a shoulder on the right side of the Buddha image. It appeared around the Sui and T' ang dynasty period in China. Sa?gh??i of the stone seated Buddha of Kunwi (軍威) compared with sculptures of Grotto in the Early T' ang (唐) dynasty at Long Man Grotto (龍門石窟), is clothed by the open mode, such as the clothing mode of Buddha images in the areas of Huijiandong (惠簡洞), Jingshansidong (敬善寺洞) and Qiansisidong (潛溪寺洞). The two-clothes-overlapped mode of the stone seated Buddha of Kunwi (軍威) is not influenced by the two-clothes-overlapped mode of the Sui (隋) and T‘ ang (唐) dynasty, and it is the start of the two-clothes-overlapped mode of the late Unified Shilla period, On the other hand, the Buddha image in the 9th century in the Tang dynasty of China is the open mode in that Sa?gh??i covers a right shoulder.
In chapter Ⅱ (The two-clothes-overlapped mode), the discussion on the title of Buddha's Dress is pursued. It has been considered that the two-clothes-overlapped mode has two kinds of meaning. The first one is to wear Buddha's Dress over the Pyunsam (偏衫), and the second one is to wear two sheets of Buddha's Dress, The outer garment is Sa?gh??i, and the inner garment has been considered as either the Pyunsam or Buddha' s Dress. Grounding on the theory of Henmi Baiei (逸見梅榮), "the inner garment under Sa?gh??i" is the Pyunsam, which covers the exposured upper body of Buddha image because Sa?gh??i is worn by the open mode, This view that "the inner garment under Sa?gh??i" is the Pyunsam by Henmi Baiei has been a common theory until now. Another view of the inner garment is that "the inner garment under Sa?gh??i" is Uttar?sa?ga (鬱多羅僧, 上衣), and this opinion is from old books which said that Uttar?sa?ga can be clothed with Sa?gh??i,
The Pyunsam emerged in China in order to cover the exposed upper body of the Buddha image, and its style is to attach a right sleeve to samkakasika (僧脚崎). The Pyunsam is a Chinese clothing that has both sleeves and the front-opened hem. On the other hand, Uttar?sa?ga ga zdoes not show some parts of itself to us because it is covered by Sa?gh??i. For example, the Buddha image in the late Unified Shilla period shows all of the righthand backside, right lateral side and fore lefthand side of inner side of Sa?gh??i, because Sa?gh??i does not cover a right shoulder of the Buddha image, Uttar?sa?ga is not a coat, We can see that Uttar?sa?ga is connected to the upper hem of arms because "the inner garment" is revealed over Sa?gh??i, Therefore, Uttar?sa?ga is not sleeved clothes, but "clothes of one sheet" not to be cut, For example, "the inner garment" of Bodhi-?rimudra (智卷印) Buddha image is a shape of “Ω” which "the inner garment" is flowed out of Sa?gh??i. Thus, Uttar?sa?ga, "the inner garment" is not the Pyunsam that has both sleeves and front opened hem, and is evidently 'Clothes of One sheet".
The style of Buddha's Dress has changed in many ways during the era of being introduced from India into China, Korea and Japan, but it had the true meanings until recent period. Consequently, in this paper, it is supposed that "the inner garment under Sa?gh??i" is clothed by the two-clothes-overlapped mode, and "the inner garment" is Uttar?sa?ga, the Sangui (上衣), which is one of three types of clothes in India. Furthermore, we can presume that two sheets of the two-clothes-overlapped mode are Uttar?sa?ga, namely the Sangui and the Sa?gh??i. This can renew the recognition of the two-clothes-overlapped mode, that wears two sheets of clothes, among the clothing modes of Buddha image in the late Unified Shilla period. It is regrettable to be arranged only the dessimination of the two-clothes-overlapped mode in the late Unified Shilla period. I hope to examine later the origin and the cause of emergence of the two-clothes-overlapped mode.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 佛衣의 의미와 二重着衣法의 성격
Ⅲ. 二重着衣法의 전개
Ⅳ. 統一新羅 下代 二重着衣法의 유형
Ⅴ. 統一新羅 下代二重着衣法의 특징
Ⅵ. 맺음말
ABSTRACT
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