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논문 기본 정보
- 자료유형
- 학술대회자료
- 저자정보
- 발행연도
- 2004.11
- 수록면
- 123 - 127 (5page)
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Tojin Trade means trade between Japan-China that took place mainly in the Edo period. This paper examines at the social climate surrounding the trade in Nagasaki, describes how that trade evolved, and examines its influence, especially the development of widespread smuggling and the subsequent trade control laws enacted in an attempt to regulate such smuggling.
First of all, the paper examines social climate before the relationship between Japan-China took the form of trade between China and Nagasaki through to the time when trade was established and was referred to as Tojin trade. The relationship started as an exchange between China and five kingdoms of Japan for the purpose of paying tribute. Then Japan began to establish her embassies in Sui China and Tang China, which finally developed into trade called the Japan-Tang trade, the Japan-Sung trade, and the Japan-Yuan trade. The paper also examines licensed trading using a panel of wood for verification, which included the essence of the Tojin trade and also the Ryukyu Trade from medieval to modern times. These forms of trade were all protected and fell under national control, but this did not stop signs of free commerce emerging in what was a rough bartering environment. In this social climate, Europeans expanded into the China Sea and created the opportunity for other initiatives such as the Tojin trade moving into the area in the process of internationalization.
Secondly, the paper examines how the Tojin trade has changed. The most traded import, silk, and the system surrounding its trade is examined first, then trade control laws such as a commercial laws aimed at preventing the drain of silver and gold, laws to restrict the amount of gold and silver in trade, and Shotoku-shinnrei, a law to restrict the amount of exported copper which Arai Hakuseki formulated.(In those days, a Chinese residential area called Tojin-Yashiki was created and a trading center called Nagasaki-kaisho was established to clamp down on smuggling.)These trade control laws were for coherent control against illegal trade. After Shotoku-shinrei, Japan-China trade shifted from silk, gold, silver, and copper to marine products.
Lastly, I will examine the fact that conflicts arose over the right of people to continued residence and conspiries developed out of the common trade interest that existed between the former Chinese residents and other foreign people who had started to live in Nagasaki when Japan began to open her doors toward the end of Edo period. The Chinese dominated the marine product trade by using a former guild system which, in terms of economics, other foreign residents could not compete with. Many problems became apparent in foreign residential areas because of these subtle interests.
The smuggling issue and ethnic problems need to be discussed regarding the Japan-China trade in Nagasaki in early modern times. Various trade controls were introduced in an attempt to curb smuggling, which created economic friction in whole of East Asia. Amid the growing calls for economic cooperation in East Asia nowadays, the fact that in modern times China-Japan trade has established an economic system which contributes to international relations in East Asia, helping to keep a delicate balance among nations, in spite of the smuggling problems will provide some food for thought for formation of future relationships in Asian countries.
First of all, the paper examines social climate before the relationship between Japan-China took the form of trade between China and Nagasaki through to the time when trade was established and was referred to as Tojin trade. The relationship started as an exchange between China and five kingdoms of Japan for the purpose of paying tribute. Then Japan began to establish her embassies in Sui China and Tang China, which finally developed into trade called the Japan-Tang trade, the Japan-Sung trade, and the Japan-Yuan trade. The paper also examines licensed trading using a panel of wood for verification, which included the essence of the Tojin trade and also the Ryukyu Trade from medieval to modern times. These forms of trade were all protected and fell under national control, but this did not stop signs of free commerce emerging in what was a rough bartering environment. In this social climate, Europeans expanded into the China Sea and created the opportunity for other initiatives such as the Tojin trade moving into the area in the process of internationalization.
Secondly, the paper examines how the Tojin trade has changed. The most traded import, silk, and the system surrounding its trade is examined first, then trade control laws such as a commercial laws aimed at preventing the drain of silver and gold, laws to restrict the amount of gold and silver in trade, and Shotoku-shinnrei, a law to restrict the amount of exported copper which Arai Hakuseki formulated.(In those days, a Chinese residential area called Tojin-Yashiki was created and a trading center called Nagasaki-kaisho was established to clamp down on smuggling.)These trade control laws were for coherent control against illegal trade. After Shotoku-shinrei, Japan-China trade shifted from silk, gold, silver, and copper to marine products.
Lastly, I will examine the fact that conflicts arose over the right of people to continued residence and conspiries developed out of the common trade interest that existed between the former Chinese residents and other foreign people who had started to live in Nagasaki when Japan began to open her doors toward the end of Edo period. The Chinese dominated the marine product trade by using a former guild system which, in terms of economics, other foreign residents could not compete with. Many problems became apparent in foreign residential areas because of these subtle interests.
The smuggling issue and ethnic problems need to be discussed regarding the Japan-China trade in Nagasaki in early modern times. Various trade controls were introduced in an attempt to curb smuggling, which created economic friction in whole of East Asia. Amid the growing calls for economic cooperation in East Asia nowadays, the fact that in modern times China-Japan trade has established an economic system which contributes to international relations in East Asia, helping to keep a delicate balance among nations, in spite of the smuggling problems will provide some food for thought for formation of future relationships in Asian countries.
목차
1、はじめに
2、15、6世紀の東アジア
3、唐人貿易の推移
4、外國人居留地と華僑
5、おわりに
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2009-910-015010735