본고는 여성주의 문학의 대표적인 작가이자 비평가로 알려져 있는 버지니아 울프의 『등대로』(l927)를 중심으로 하여 여성주의와 기독교 사상과의 공존 가능성을 모색함과 동시에 그 과정에서 통합적 비전을 창출해 보고자 시도되었다. 전통적인 기독교가 역사를 통해 여성억압의 주요기제로 작용해 왔기 때문에 여성주의적 입장에서 볼 때 기독교 사상은 폐기되거나 배제되어야 할 산물로 여겨진 경향이 없지 않다. 또한 울프의 『등대로』는 가부장적 체제에 순응하는 가정 주부를 전면에 내세움에 따라 『자기만의 방』(1929)과 『세 기니의 돈』(1938)에서 보여주었던 작가의 여성주의적 이론을 제대로 작품화하지 못했다는 평가를 받아왔다. 그러나 본고에서는 가부장적 체제 및 남성 중심 문화의 고착화와 이의 강화를 위해 왜곡되고 편협하게 해석되어왔던 기독교 사상을 『성서』를 중심으로 그 원인을 규명하고 새로운 해석을 소개함으로써 억압의 기제였던 기독교 사상이 오히려 해방의 기제로 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 제시한다. 이와 더불어 울프의 『등대로』에서는 작품에 등장하는 인물들의 표면적인 모습 안에 내포된 심층적 구조와 의미들을 고찰해 보고자하였다. 이러한 탐색을 통하여 기부장적 체제에 순응하며 생을 마감하는 듯한 주인공 램지 부인(Mrs. Ramsay)과 그녀의 삶을 새롭게 조명하고 해석하며 자신의 삶과의 통합성을 이루어가는 릴리 브리스코우(Lily Briscoe)와의 관계성과 은유를 통해 울프만의 독특한 여성주의적 비전이 형상화되었음을 밝히고자 했다. 또한 이러한 참된 기독교적 가치와 작품에서 나타나는 여성주의적 비전이 서로 밀접하게 연관되어 남성중심문화의 산물인 억압성과 권력 중심의 왜곡된 가치를 극복하고 보다 보편적이고 통합적인 인간애를 향해 공존하며 한 목소리를 내고 있음을 주목하고자 했다.
Can Christianity and feminism co-exist? is the main agenda of this paper. Because the church as representative of Christianity has throughout history exerted its power to oppress women, many feminist works have treated Christianity as something to be abolished, or suppressed at least. Such treatments in turn have borne new feminist interpretations of the Bible, pointing to the fact that these views on Christianity result from misreading of the biblical text. The new attempts scrutinize those biblical events that have been highlighted by most feminists as telling examples of women's inferiority and submissive role in the creation order. Thus, the account of Creation and of Adam and Eve and their fall are re-examined to reveal just how narrow and distorted most of the earlier feminist interpretations have been and why they should serve as evidences for equality between men and women. It is with this latter development in feminist criticism that this paper re-reads To the Lighthouse and discovers the way Christian and feminist values clash in the text which in the end seems to create a new value system where the two can remain compatible. In general, Woolf is accepted as an influential figure whose feminist views are successfully worked into such writings as A Room of One's Own (1929) and Three Guineas (1938). She is often regarded as one of the key representative feminist writers and critics and as a modernist writer who tried to rescue, through her art, truth, reality, God and true meaning of life which were thought to be destroyed by the contemporary church. However, To the Lighthouse has up to now been regarded by Kate Millett and other feminist critics to have failed in carrying out Woolf's feminist values because the main character of the story is someone who seems to accept patriarchal values. It is true that on the surface patriarchal views insulated by Christian value system dominate the text through Mrs. Ramsay's obedience and submission to her husband; nonetheless, it is also true that, on a deeper level, the story reveals many elements that display possible challenges to oppressive powers. It can be argued, therefore, the surface and deeper structures of the text clash in the character of Mrs. Ramsay and more importantly, after her death, create new Christian values in Lily and Carmichael, especially through Lily's memory, appearance, and the completion of her painting. In order to re-examine the text this way, the biblical images in the text that have been long neglected, especially the characters who are unmistakably biblical, must be looked at closely, and how, ultimately, they can point to the way in which Christianity and Feminism can co-exist. The names of the characters, the way they interact with biblical events and images, and the way Mrs. Ramsay's sacrifice and obedience become resurrected into something beautiful and worthy in Lily's memory all serve as evidences for such conclusion. During her life time, Mrs. Ramsay's sacrifice for and obedience to her husband and children are the target of Lily and Carmichael's severe criticism as they believe she condones the unfair system of patriarchy. Yet, when Lily returns to the old house, after Mrs. Ramsay's death, she remembers Mrs. Ramsay's actions as her motherly, all-embracing ability to accept her husbands and others shortcomings, as the sign of a caring mind and spirit, an apparent lack in the power/authority-centered system of male oriented society. Furthermore, Mrs. Ramsay's ability to see hope in hopeless situations, to find beauty in ordinary things, gets reevaluated by Lily. Thus, on the surface, Mrs. Ramsay dies a death of an ordinary wife who buys into the values of patriarchy; but when we look closely, her death is resurrected, just as Jesus death on the Cross becomes renewed in the mind of the disciples to bring about the Christian values of life and love, in Lily's memory and becomes the propulsive force behind the completion of Lily's painting. Because Woolf tends to withhold any direct treatment of her beliefs in the novels, as she usually does in her criticism, these observations may not be readily apparent. It is, however, crucial that Mrs. Ramsay shed the image of a typical, submissive wife who doesn't do anything to rebel against the injustices of patriarchal system. Woolf, in working with the surface structure of condoned and established patriarchy, packs into it various biblical images and inferences, especially by way of the changing relationship between Mrs. Ramsay and Lily. By doing so, Woolf implicitly criticizes both male-oriented value system and Christian traditions which interact with each other to produce various systems of injustice, opting in the end for recreation of true Christian values.
AI 요약
연구주제
연구배경
연구방법
연구결과
주요내용
목차
Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 여성신학과 울프의 여성주의 Ⅲ. 『등대로』에 나타난 성서적 이미지 Ⅳ. 결론 참고문헌 〈Abstract〉