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학술대회자료
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한국유통학회 한국유통학회 학술대회 발표논문집 2008년 한국유통학회 하계통합학술대회 발표논문집
발행연도
2008.8
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55 - 62 (8page)

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The purpose of our paper is to develop a conceptual framework which explains the determinants of channel members' long-term orientation according to the relationship life cycle from an evolutionary perspective. For our discussion, we focus on a dyadic relationship between a manufacturer and its supplier firms.
By conceptualizing a channel dyad as a living organism, we bring the lifecycle theory to explain how two parties in a relationship go through distinct phases along the passage of time. We draw on the literature of social psychology and use Thibaut and Kelley's (1959) inclusive theory of interpersonal attraction as our conceptual basis. Interpersonal attraction theory posits that the mechanism of how one party is likely to choose his/her partner; a party is likely to choose the following partners (1) with whom s/he has a greater opportunity to interact and (2) who has characteristics most desirable, (3) who are most similar to him in social backgrounds, (4) who sees as s/he sees himself, and (5) whose company leads to gratification of his needs. This theory suggests that one has to see some things that are valuable from his/her partner to continue to grow together within a relationship.
What is interesting is that what we want from a relationship can change as times passes. For example, when a relationship first starts we have little information about the intrinsic virtues of a potential partner and we tend to rely on external factors such as dependence in our choice criteria. As the relationship passes the initial exploratory stage, we begin to accumulate experiences with the partner, which enables a prediction of how the partner will act in the relevant relational affairs. Trust as "a particular level of the subjective probability with which an agent assesses that another agent or group of agents will perform a particular action that is beneficial or at least not detrimental to us" (Gambetta 1988, p.217), is important in the "build-up" stage for one to determine to continuously engage in cooperation with the partner. In the third mature stage, the relationship glue has to evolve from the calculative trust into something that is of a more secure nature. Benevolence is affect-based trust, the emotional security and bond partners develop for each other. When we affectively trust the partner we believe that the partner will honestly work for us even without control mechanisms. The last stage is declining stage when the both partners lose interest and energy to sustain the relationship and eventually the relationship dies out.
By bringing the time dimension, we adopt an evolutionary approach to interfirm relationships. We identity the four stages in a relationship life cycle as the following: (1) exploratory stage, (2) build-up stage, (3) mature stage, and (4) declining stage (Jap and Ganesan, 2000). The determinant of long-term orientation by these four lifecycle stages is identified in Table 1. In the next sections, we develop research propositions for the determinant of interfirm long-term orientation for each relationship life cycle phase.
<이미지 참조>
Determinants of Interfirm Long-Term Orientation (LTO): Definitions
In this section, we provide conceptual definitions for our focal constructs. First, a manufacturer's long-term orientation is the perception of interdependence of outcomes in which both a supplier's outcomes and joint outcomes are expected to benefit the manufacturer in the long run (Kelly and Thibaut 1978).
Manufacturer's dependence on its supplier refers to a manufacturer's need to maintain the channel relationship with its suppliers achieve desired goals (Frazier 1983). Heide and John (1988) indicate that dependence of manufacturer on supplier is increased when (1) outcomes obtained by the manufacturer from the supplier are important and highly valued and the magnitude of the exchange is high, (2) outcomes obtained by the manufacturer exceed outcomes available to the manufacturer from the best alternative supplier (role performance and comparison level of outcome approaches suggested by Anderson and Narus 1984 and Frazier 1983), and (3) manufacturer has few alternative sources or potential sources of exchange (concentration of exchange approach suggested by Pfeffer and Salancik 1978).
Trust is the willingness to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence (Moorman, Zaltrnan, and Deshpande 1992). The definition of trust proposed here reflects two distinct components: cognitive and emotional aspects. Cognitive trust is based on the extent to which the manufacturer can predict that the supplier will perform the job effectively and reliably (Ganesan 1994). Benevolence is an emotional bond between the two parties referring to the extent to which the manufacturer believes that the supplier has good-will intentions and motives beneficial to the manufacturer even in conditions for which a commitment was not made (Ganesan 1994).

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