지원사업
학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록· 키워드
오류제보하기
The official interpreters of Joseon dynasty exported the silk of Ch' ing(淸) to Japan and payed the silver of Japan to Ch' ing from the middle of the 17th century to the middle of the 18th century. Great foreign capital was flew in to Joseon in the merchant trade at Japanese residency in Busan and the power of influence was cosiderable.
We needed about l00,000nyang(兩) to the trade of Yenching(燕京) and the official interpreters of Joseon went there about 2.5 times every year. The missionary to Japan required 30,000nyang, and they went there about 2 times every year. Besides, we payed 500,000~600,000nyang to the Chinese people in the market at Junggang(中江開市) every year.
The maintenance expenses of Japanese residency in Busan was estimated about 46,798suk(石) every year and that was correspond to 22% of tax revenue in Kyungsangdo(慶尙道) by rice, according to professor Jay B. Lewis' opinion of Oxford University. He asserted that was cheap cost to Joseon government because the task changing the pirates to peaceful merchant was very difficult. However, official missionary to Japan, Jo Um(趙?) in 1763, had much experience of bargain with the Japanese people as a chief administrator of Dongrae(東萊府使). He affirmed that Joseon government needed about 300,000nyang for Japan every year which was included the expenses of missionary and the Japanese residency in Busan.
The total amount trade of Joseon with China and Japan reached about 1000,000 nyang on some year in the latter period of Joseon dynasty.
The silver and copper imported from Japan could be useful more or less to Joseon people. But the silver was absorbed by Ch' ing soon because the official interpreters of Joseon imported wool cap after paying the silver. Though the high quality sillk(白絲) imported from Ch' ing was sold with high price amount up to 2.5 times in Japanese residency in Busan, it was transported by horses and the official interpreters of Joseon brought it at a great cost. Therefore, some scholars, who came back from visiting Ch' ing, asserted to learn high civilization(北學派) emphasized to use ships instead of horses as a transportation media.
The official interpreters had to import the horn of water buffalos(水牛角) in order to make bows. The importation of nitrate(焰硝), which is the main ingredient of gun powder, was more important for armaments in the latter period of Joseon dynasty. They were imported often from China and Japan.
The trade with neighboring countries promoted internal industry like as the making of ginseng steamed red(紅蔘) or sulfur, and accelerated new culture by importing new civilization, in spite of the negative elements like smuggling or spreading of luxury.
The outflow of living ginseng to Japan in 1720 and the opening the harbour between the China and Japan in Nagasaki(長崎) striked the fatal blow to merchant trade of Joseon, In Dejima(出島) near Nagasaki, science of Netherland(蘭學) was begun and some Japanese could get the certifications of western medical doctor at that time. But the officers in the Japanese residency in Busan won over the official interpreters of Joseon by bribery, spied upon important information about Joseon and collected the sample of animals and vegetables of Joseon for an offering to Japanese Shogun(將軍).
The Korean people are able to pursuit their interests, since the Korean peninsula is located between enormous China and Japan. We can open our way to develop Korea in future if we sweep over the whole East Asia by merchant trade as we had the special products like ginseng or ginseng steamed red in Joseon dynasty. That could not be accomplished by simply talking as the saying goes "Beseto" (Beijing-Seoul-Tokyo) movement. The Korean people would regain the glorious days in merchant trade if we establish a strongpoint in the Yellow sea, which has the most abundant materials mobilization in our world, after the unification of Korea.
We needed about l00,000nyang(兩) to the trade of Yenching(燕京) and the official interpreters of Joseon went there about 2.5 times every year. The missionary to Japan required 30,000nyang, and they went there about 2 times every year. Besides, we payed 500,000~600,000nyang to the Chinese people in the market at Junggang(中江開市) every year.
The maintenance expenses of Japanese residency in Busan was estimated about 46,798suk(石) every year and that was correspond to 22% of tax revenue in Kyungsangdo(慶尙道) by rice, according to professor Jay B. Lewis' opinion of Oxford University. He asserted that was cheap cost to Joseon government because the task changing the pirates to peaceful merchant was very difficult. However, official missionary to Japan, Jo Um(趙?) in 1763, had much experience of bargain with the Japanese people as a chief administrator of Dongrae(東萊府使). He affirmed that Joseon government needed about 300,000nyang for Japan every year which was included the expenses of missionary and the Japanese residency in Busan.
The total amount trade of Joseon with China and Japan reached about 1000,000 nyang on some year in the latter period of Joseon dynasty.
The silver and copper imported from Japan could be useful more or less to Joseon people. But the silver was absorbed by Ch' ing soon because the official interpreters of Joseon imported wool cap after paying the silver. Though the high quality sillk(白絲) imported from Ch' ing was sold with high price amount up to 2.5 times in Japanese residency in Busan, it was transported by horses and the official interpreters of Joseon brought it at a great cost. Therefore, some scholars, who came back from visiting Ch' ing, asserted to learn high civilization(北學派) emphasized to use ships instead of horses as a transportation media.
The official interpreters had to import the horn of water buffalos(水牛角) in order to make bows. The importation of nitrate(焰硝), which is the main ingredient of gun powder, was more important for armaments in the latter period of Joseon dynasty. They were imported often from China and Japan.
The trade with neighboring countries promoted internal industry like as the making of ginseng steamed red(紅蔘) or sulfur, and accelerated new culture by importing new civilization, in spite of the negative elements like smuggling or spreading of luxury.
The outflow of living ginseng to Japan in 1720 and the opening the harbour between the China and Japan in Nagasaki(長崎) striked the fatal blow to merchant trade of Joseon, In Dejima(出島) near Nagasaki, science of Netherland(蘭學) was begun and some Japanese could get the certifications of western medical doctor at that time. But the officers in the Japanese residency in Busan won over the official interpreters of Joseon by bribery, spied upon important information about Joseon and collected the sample of animals and vegetables of Joseon for an offering to Japanese Shogun(將軍).
The Korean people are able to pursuit their interests, since the Korean peninsula is located between enormous China and Japan. We can open our way to develop Korea in future if we sweep over the whole East Asia by merchant trade as we had the special products like ginseng or ginseng steamed red in Joseon dynasty. That could not be accomplished by simply talking as the saying goes "Beseto" (Beijing-Seoul-Tokyo) movement. The Korean people would regain the glorious days in merchant trade if we establish a strongpoint in the Yellow sea, which has the most abundant materials mobilization in our world, after the unification of Korea.
목차
Ⅰ. 역관은 비단과 은을 중개
Ⅱ. 연행사와 통신사행의 경제적 비교
Ⅲ. 조선과 일본과의 관무역
Ⅳ. 물화의 교역
Ⅴ. 사행을 주도한 특별직 敎誨譯官
Ⅵ. 맺음말
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