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This paper focuses on the Korean Mission’s negotiation with Russia in 199) and the role of Kim Deuk-nyon(金得鍊) who was one of the last official Chinese interpreters of Korea.
May 26, 1896 there was the coronation of Nicholas Ⅱ, the last Tsar of Russia in Moscow. The special envoy and minister plenipotentiary of Korea, Min Young-Hwan(閔泳煥) and his suite attended the imperial ceremony with curiosity and awe. There were also many famous envoys from allover the world, such as Li Hung-Chang(李鴻章) of China and Yamagata Aritomo(山縣有朋) of Japan. Korean envoy stayed in Russia almost 3 months, negotiating with Russian ministers, visiting many places, such as public institutes, modem factories and museums.
On returning way to Korea they took on the course of Trans-Siverian Railway. They were welcom to Korean immigrants when they passed through cities alongside Amur River (or Heilungchang River). They come back to Seoul late October 1896 via vladivostok.
The main object of Korean mission stressed on acquiring positive support from Russia, such as military and financial help. Those were most important to Korean King Kojong who stayed at Russian legation against Japanese military menace. However Russian authority didn’t have any idea for that kind of support to Korea, partly because of the Japanese and English interest in Korea and Manchuria, and also the weak financial condition of Russia. Russia was interested in the construction of Trans-Siberian Railway which was launched out in 1891 by Alexander Ⅲ. Minister Min was in despair at the result of the negotiations. However he carne back to Korea with 13 Russian military instructors who drilled almost 800 Korean soldiers for the guard of new palace of Korea. Thanks to the palace guards King Kojong could move to the new palace from Russian legation and ascend the throne of emperor in October 1897.
Traditionally the group of official Chinese interpreters was a kind of pioneers in Korean Society. They were experts in the foreign affairs, markets. They had talent in business. They were blessed with knowledge, wealth and specialty in foreign language. They could preserve their identity by themselves in traditional Korean society. However the role and function of the official interpreters became to change day by day owing to the introduction of western culture and system to East Asian countries such as Korea with breaking off the Chinese world order. In this period of great change Korean envoys to Russia accomplished their mission.
In 1896’s, Korean mission to Russia we can find the change of the role of traditional official interpreter. In case of Kim Deuk-Nyon, even though he was an official Chinese interpreter, he had never had chance to do his original role such as interpreting and arranging in this mission. Instead of it he memorized daily schedule of works and activity of minister Min and his suite in detail except for the secret negotiations between minister Min and Russian authorities. He left several writings about the mission. Those are Hwankuilgi(環?日記), Pua kijeong(赴俄記程) and Hwanku umcho(環??艸).
The writings of Kim Deuk-Nyon contain very important information about modem civilization of Europe and the industry, natural resources, manufacture, social system, education of Russia. These also explain the situation of Trans-Siberian Railway under construction, natural resources of Siberia, with the condition of Korean immigrants in the East Asian area of Russia Even though Kim Deuk-Nyon could not lead the mission as traditional official Chinese interpreters did in many cases, he did his role more smartly by writing the voyage of the mission from the start to the end in detail with excellent literary skill.
May 26, 1896 there was the coronation of Nicholas Ⅱ, the last Tsar of Russia in Moscow. The special envoy and minister plenipotentiary of Korea, Min Young-Hwan(閔泳煥) and his suite attended the imperial ceremony with curiosity and awe. There were also many famous envoys from allover the world, such as Li Hung-Chang(李鴻章) of China and Yamagata Aritomo(山縣有朋) of Japan. Korean envoy stayed in Russia almost 3 months, negotiating with Russian ministers, visiting many places, such as public institutes, modem factories and museums.
On returning way to Korea they took on the course of Trans-Siverian Railway. They were welcom to Korean immigrants when they passed through cities alongside Amur River (or Heilungchang River). They come back to Seoul late October 1896 via vladivostok.
The main object of Korean mission stressed on acquiring positive support from Russia, such as military and financial help. Those were most important to Korean King Kojong who stayed at Russian legation against Japanese military menace. However Russian authority didn’t have any idea for that kind of support to Korea, partly because of the Japanese and English interest in Korea and Manchuria, and also the weak financial condition of Russia. Russia was interested in the construction of Trans-Siberian Railway which was launched out in 1891 by Alexander Ⅲ. Minister Min was in despair at the result of the negotiations. However he carne back to Korea with 13 Russian military instructors who drilled almost 800 Korean soldiers for the guard of new palace of Korea. Thanks to the palace guards King Kojong could move to the new palace from Russian legation and ascend the throne of emperor in October 1897.
Traditionally the group of official Chinese interpreters was a kind of pioneers in Korean Society. They were experts in the foreign affairs, markets. They had talent in business. They were blessed with knowledge, wealth and specialty in foreign language. They could preserve their identity by themselves in traditional Korean society. However the role and function of the official interpreters became to change day by day owing to the introduction of western culture and system to East Asian countries such as Korea with breaking off the Chinese world order. In this period of great change Korean envoys to Russia accomplished their mission.
In 1896’s, Korean mission to Russia we can find the change of the role of traditional official interpreter. In case of Kim Deuk-Nyon, even though he was an official Chinese interpreter, he had never had chance to do his original role such as interpreting and arranging in this mission. Instead of it he memorized daily schedule of works and activity of minister Min and his suite in detail except for the secret negotiations between minister Min and Russian authorities. He left several writings about the mission. Those are Hwankuilgi(環?日記), Pua kijeong(赴俄記程) and Hwanku umcho(環??艸).
The writings of Kim Deuk-Nyon contain very important information about modem civilization of Europe and the industry, natural resources, manufacture, social system, education of Russia. These also explain the situation of Trans-Siberian Railway under construction, natural resources of Siberia, with the condition of Korean immigrants in the East Asian area of Russia Even though Kim Deuk-Nyon could not lead the mission as traditional official Chinese interpreters did in many cases, he did his role more smartly by writing the voyage of the mission from the start to the end in detail with excellent literary skill.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 조선특사의 파견과 사행의 구성
Ⅲ. 조선특사의 교섭과 러시아의 반응
Ⅳ. 김득련의 인물과 저작
Ⅴ. 김득련의 『환구일기』와 연해주의 한인
Ⅵ. 맺음말
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