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Japan was in transition to the modern in the later 18th Century. In this period, both the Shogunate(幕府) and the Han(藩) were in poor financial circumstances, so they had to undertake the important task of getting out of them. Particularly, Tanuma Okitsugu(田沼意次) carried out various economic policies to solve the bad financial problems in 1870s. Above all, it is worthy of notice that the Ezochi development policy and an attempt to trade with the northward.
Russia gradually advanced southward to extend her territory from the later of 17th century to the early of the 18th century. At that time Ezochi in general was considered as the domain of Matsumae Han(松前藩). Rangakusha(蘭學者, the scholars of things Dutch) and other intellectuals who had been assimilating foreign knowledge through the Holland commercial center could hear the news of southward advance of Russia and were concerned about a question of the northward.
The Ezochi development policy of Tanuma was set out taking the proposal, 'Akaezofusetsuko(赤蝦夷風說考), of Kudo Heisuke as a momentum. This proposal has been understood mainly focusing on Kudo's suggestion to trade with Russia by this time. However, it is necessary that this proposal be examined in connection with the policy of development of mine, one of Tanuma's diverse economic policies. In fact, trading with Russia was offered as an auxiliary measure to develop mine. In addition, as Kudo's proposal was written through interchanges with Rangakusha and other intellectuals whose social position had been higher owing to introduction of new information from abroad, it reflects this atmosphere of that time. Especially this can be shown by the close relations between Hayashi Shihei who argued for trade with Russia in his work and them.
On the other hand, after downfall of Tanuma a proposal to develop Ezochi was written and presented to the Shogunate again and awareness of the importance of the northward policy spreaded more than before. Otsuki Gentaku(大槻玄澤) discussed trade with Russia and development of the north in view of the national interests, and also Honda Tosiaki(本多利明) claimed that the development of Ezochi was the most urgent business to cope with southward advance of Russia. It seems that the view of Otsuki and Honda had come out of the same historical context as Tanuma's policy.
Russia gradually advanced southward to extend her territory from the later of 17th century to the early of the 18th century. At that time Ezochi in general was considered as the domain of Matsumae Han(松前藩). Rangakusha(蘭學者, the scholars of things Dutch) and other intellectuals who had been assimilating foreign knowledge through the Holland commercial center could hear the news of southward advance of Russia and were concerned about a question of the northward.
The Ezochi development policy of Tanuma was set out taking the proposal, 'Akaezofusetsuko(赤蝦夷風說考), of Kudo Heisuke as a momentum. This proposal has been understood mainly focusing on Kudo's suggestion to trade with Russia by this time. However, it is necessary that this proposal be examined in connection with the policy of development of mine, one of Tanuma's diverse economic policies. In fact, trading with Russia was offered as an auxiliary measure to develop mine. In addition, as Kudo's proposal was written through interchanges with Rangakusha and other intellectuals whose social position had been higher owing to introduction of new information from abroad, it reflects this atmosphere of that time. Especially this can be shown by the close relations between Hayashi Shihei who argued for trade with Russia in his work and them.
On the other hand, after downfall of Tanuma a proposal to develop Ezochi was written and presented to the Shogunate again and awareness of the importance of the northward policy spreaded more than before. Otsuki Gentaku(大槻玄澤) discussed trade with Russia and development of the north in view of the national interests, and also Honda Tosiaki(本多利明) claimed that the development of Ezochi was the most urgent business to cope with southward advance of Russia. It seems that the view of Otsuki and Honda had come out of the same historical context as Tanuma's policy.
목차
머리말
Ⅰ. 18세기 중엽 蝦夷地 개발의 배경
Ⅱ. 工藤平助의 『赤蝦夷風說考』와 조사대 파견
Ⅲ. 林子平의 북방정책 건의
맺음말
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