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논문 기본 정보
- 자료유형
- 학술저널
- 저자정보
- 발행연도
- 2001.12
- 수록면
- 207 - 239 (36page)
이용수
초록· 키워드
오류제보하기
The dramatic success of the Korean economy after the 1960s is frequently attributed to Korea's utilization of positive aspects of traditional culture by many scholars such as Kahn(1979) and Evans(1996). According to them, Confucian ethics are superbly designed to create and foster loyalty, dedication, responsibility, and commitment and to intensify identification with the organization and one's role in the organization.
But the characteristics of the Korean culture mentioned above existed before 1962 when the Korean economy was stagnant and had difficulties in sustaining its people. And it is not reasonable to believe that Koreans changed abruptly after 1962. For a cultural approach to be meaningful, it should, therefore, explain through traditional culture why the Korean economy remained underdeveloped before 1962.
After the Korean War, economic performance was not satisfactory even though there were substantial injections of foreign assistance mainly from US. The average Korean income was far below the poverty level. A cross country analysis by Adelman and Morris demonstrates shown us that Korea's GNP per capita was ranked the 14th poorest countries in the world in 1960.
This paper is designed primarily to explain why the Korean economy remained underdeveloped before 1962 by applying the institutional/cognitive approach proposed by D. North as a part of cultural explanation. This paper will hopefully complement previous economic studies failing to answer this question.
New findings in this paper include the followings:
Firstly, the authorities adopted too idealistic economic policies when compared to Korean economic culture and environment of the time. The US military government tried to introduce the principle of a free market system, and the subsequent Korean government adopted distributive justice and balanced growth which were worldwide trends of that time.
Secondly, national elites lacked an appropriate mindset for economic development. They failed to construct shared frameworks of mental models towards economic development that groups of individuals would possess. Instead, they tried to maximize the amount of US economic aid, which distorted the Korean economic structure.
Thirdly, national elites had no ability and/or intention to enforce economic policies. Some national economic development plans were initiated, but were never executed. The elites were very hesitant to request hardships and perseverance from people, which should accompany the accomplishment of economic development from a weak base.
Lastly, the economic bureaucrats overused and misused discretions given to them in application of the formal rules. This is due to the formal rules not being clearly defined and the bureaucrats tending to use their positions for defence and enhancement of their own interests. This seemed to discourage ordinary Koreans from conduction productive activities, and at the same time, to encourage them to pursue distributive activities.
But the characteristics of the Korean culture mentioned above existed before 1962 when the Korean economy was stagnant and had difficulties in sustaining its people. And it is not reasonable to believe that Koreans changed abruptly after 1962. For a cultural approach to be meaningful, it should, therefore, explain through traditional culture why the Korean economy remained underdeveloped before 1962.
After the Korean War, economic performance was not satisfactory even though there were substantial injections of foreign assistance mainly from US. The average Korean income was far below the poverty level. A cross country analysis by Adelman and Morris demonstrates shown us that Korea's GNP per capita was ranked the 14th poorest countries in the world in 1960.
This paper is designed primarily to explain why the Korean economy remained underdeveloped before 1962 by applying the institutional/cognitive approach proposed by D. North as a part of cultural explanation. This paper will hopefully complement previous economic studies failing to answer this question.
New findings in this paper include the followings:
Firstly, the authorities adopted too idealistic economic policies when compared to Korean economic culture and environment of the time. The US military government tried to introduce the principle of a free market system, and the subsequent Korean government adopted distributive justice and balanced growth which were worldwide trends of that time.
Secondly, national elites lacked an appropriate mindset for economic development. They failed to construct shared frameworks of mental models towards economic development that groups of individuals would possess. Instead, they tried to maximize the amount of US economic aid, which distorted the Korean economic structure.
Thirdly, national elites had no ability and/or intention to enforce economic policies. Some national economic development plans were initiated, but were never executed. The elites were very hesitant to request hardships and perseverance from people, which should accompany the accomplishment of economic development from a weak base.
Lastly, the economic bureaucrats overused and misused discretions given to them in application of the formal rules. This is due to the formal rules not being clearly defined and the bureaucrats tending to use their positions for defence and enhancement of their own interests. This seemed to discourage ordinary Koreans from conduction productive activities, and at the same time, to encourage them to pursue distributive activities.
목차
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 경제적 성과에 대한 제도ㆍ인지적 접근
Ⅲ. 시대별 경제운영 방식 개관(1948-1961)
Ⅳ. 경제적 성과의 국제비교(1948-1961)
Ⅴ. 국민경제 운영에 대한 평가
Ⅵ. 결론
English Abstract
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