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This study attempts to trace the historical process through which Korea’s resident registration card system became an important tool with which to control the general public. The first residential certificate system was created as part of the efforts to establish a governance basis following the collapse of the 1st US-USSR Joint Commission. This system was designed to provide leaders with a firm understanding of the nature of the population. However, this system began to be used differently following the establishment of divided governments. In the aftermath of the mass suppression of partisans and of the ensuing Korean War, the residential certification system began to be characterized by the desire to weed out North Korean spies. The Korean War was not only a conflict between North and South Korea, but also between political groups with different ideologies within South Korea. As a result, the public was forced during wartime to endure not only the mobilization of human and material resources, but also attempts at ideological control as well. The rural/urban residence certificates introduced nationally during the war, officially, constituted an attempt to verify the status of the public in order to ensure the proper distribution of food and mobilization of human and material resources amidst circumstances in which the growing number of people seeking to escape the carnage created mass population influxes and outflows. Nevertheless, another important goal of this residential certification system was to gain ideological control over residents. The government excluded those whose ideological leanings it suspected by withholding the status of normal resident from such individuals. Thus, the residential certificate system represented a mechanism through which the state could pry itself into the everyday lives of its residents. The residential certificate system, an effective implement of control during the Korean War, remained in place in post war society as well. Although officially maintained in the name of rooting out North Korean spies, this system was actually used as a legal tool for the state to inspect its residents. While the efficiency of the residential certificate system was shaken during the events that followed the April 19 Movement of 1960, as well as that of the anti-communist system, it sprung back to life on the back of a strengthened structure following the establishment of the military government. Using armed incursions by North Korean spies as a pretext, the Park Jung-Hee government advocated the reorganization of the anti-communist system and prepared the legal basis for the implementation of this structure.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 미군정기 주민통제와 주민증의 등장
Ⅲ. 한국전쟁기 군사작전과 주민증의 활용
Ⅳ. 전후 반공체제의 구축과 주민증의 법제화
Ⅴ. 맺음말
〈ABSTRACT〉
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2009-911-018326751