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This Study is concentrated on the saying of the prophet Jeremiah, that he called Nebuchadnezzar(604-562), King of Babylon the 'servant of Jahweh'. In the book of Jeremiah, he called him so three times in ch. 25:9, Z7:6, 43:10. Why, and how did he call Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon, a servant of Jahweh? During his reigning Nebuchadnezzar, and his commanders invaded Judah more than three times. He was a cruelest king and enemy to the kingdom of Judah, and also the people of Judah in Israelite and Judean monarchical history. He destroyed and fired the Temple and the Palace of Jerusalem, and exiled the Royal Families, the governors, priests and the privileged of Judah to Babylon.
I studied these three chapters in textual, historical and critical approaches and used the method, and also compare the Massoretic text with the Septuagint. Following this method, the difference appeared apparently between the Massoretic text and the Septuagint, and this calling was not found in the Septuagint at all, and then concentrated and limited in the Massoretic text only. I have studied the background and environment of the historical, political, social and prophetical milieu. It is the only one side of this theme, the others disclose and identify the meaning and content of this prophet's calling. It is the main concern of the theme that if his calling of the king of Babylon Nebuchadnezzar the servant of Jahweh would be, then what would be the status and identity of the king of Judah, priests of the temple at that time and his officials and the people of Judea, God's elected people from all other nations, planted people in the land of Israel by their God. If it had been true that Babylonian king was the servant of Jahweh, it would be really have been accepted and born magnificently, and proudly under the Babylon's yoke, and exiled from the land of Judah to Babylon. But, in the actuality, it was not so. They could not understand the facts, that it was the refusal of the will of God that they all have been rejected constantly under the yoke of Babylon. Who could know that except Jeremiah that the will of God would have been accomplished through the king of Babylon Nebuchadnezzar, the Israelites and the Judeans, royal officials and anyone of priests could not understand such affairs. The servant of Jahweh, king of Babylon Nebuchadnezzar stood plainly between 'the rod of my anger' and his anointed the Persian king Cyrus. As the servant of Jahweh, his position was located between 'the rod of my anger' and 'his anointed Persian king Cyrus'. The Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar was connected historically and theologically with them, prior to him the Assyrian king and to the later Persian King Cyrus. They were all called and they accomplished the will of God as the servant of Jahweh. It was the historical mission that was entrusted to Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar. Therefore, he had to work and accomplish both sides mentioned above. This is my conclusion.