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Out that there are as many as 24 terra-cotta plaques placed on the base part of each pagoda. What are they? Should we take them to be "the Four Heavenly Kings" as the name of the temple, Sach'?nwang Temple (四天王寺), suggests. to be "the Eight Kinds of Divine Guardians" as Ilyeon wrote in Samguk yusa, or to be any other figures? This essay focuses on inferring the identity of the figures through examining the icons and forms of the terra-cotta plaques of the Sach'?nwang Temple site.
Given the number of individual figures (24 per pagoda) placed on the base part of tile eastern and western pagodas at Sach'?nwang Temple site, they evidently are neither the Four Heavenly Kings nor the Eight Kinds of Divine Guardians. While there are figures, among others, of which we can conjecture me names such as tile Four Heavenly Kings and the Eight Kinds of Divine Guardians. there are also other figures that don't have any specific iconic characteristics including the terra-cotta plaques at the Sach'onwang Temple site. Interestingly, we can see not a few figures tint are neither tile Four Heavenly Kings nor the Eight Kinds of Divine Guardians, among those armed figures in me 7th-9th centuries, when terra-cotta plaques at the Sach'onwang Temple site. These figures are seated on the lowest parts of pagoda, stone lanterns, reliquaries. and various steps, or on the pedestal of a Buddha figure. Though there are standing statues Like the external chest of tile Hwanryong Temple's reliquary, all the others are seated figures. As for tile head forms, some wear a helmet or a coronet, willie others have their hair tied up. They generally have a sword as their belonging, while they have a bow or arrows in their hands, or remain without any belongings in their hands. Depending on the space allowed, they do or do not have demons under their feet. The number of individual figures is not fixed ranging from 4 to 24, and this quantity diversity is due to allowed ranges of space.
What should we call them, which are neither the Four Heavenly Kings nor the Eight Kinds of Divine Guardians, but keep the principles of Buddhism from various demons? What are they, who play the role of guardians in armor at the lowest places? The current author pays attention to Guandingjing (『灌頂經』), which played a crucial role in the foundation of Sach'?nwang Temple. It seems reasonable to consider Shenwang (神王) as the general name for these figures. which appears in Guandingjing. The pagoda-protecting Sinjang figure, among others, in particular, should be reasonably called "Huta Shanshen (護塔善神)", based on the sixth volume of Guandingjing. Of course, it is possible to consider "Huta Shanshen" as an extensive concept that includes all of the pagoda-protecting armed figures. since it is not a proper name. However, as Guandingjing, which had considerable influence in the 7th century. dearly refers to "Huta ShanShen" as an existence different from the Four Heavenly Kings or the Eight Kinds of Divine Guardians, the current author thinks that it was regarded as an independent concept at that time.
Given the number of individual figures (24 per pagoda) placed on the base part of tile eastern and western pagodas at Sach'?nwang Temple site, they evidently are neither the Four Heavenly Kings nor the Eight Kinds of Divine Guardians. While there are figures, among others, of which we can conjecture me names such as tile Four Heavenly Kings and the Eight Kinds of Divine Guardians. there are also other figures that don't have any specific iconic characteristics including the terra-cotta plaques at the Sach'onwang Temple site. Interestingly, we can see not a few figures tint are neither tile Four Heavenly Kings nor the Eight Kinds of Divine Guardians, among those armed figures in me 7th-9th centuries, when terra-cotta plaques at the Sach'onwang Temple site. These figures are seated on the lowest parts of pagoda, stone lanterns, reliquaries. and various steps, or on the pedestal of a Buddha figure. Though there are standing statues Like the external chest of tile Hwanryong Temple's reliquary, all the others are seated figures. As for tile head forms, some wear a helmet or a coronet, willie others have their hair tied up. They generally have a sword as their belonging, while they have a bow or arrows in their hands, or remain without any belongings in their hands. Depending on the space allowed, they do or do not have demons under their feet. The number of individual figures is not fixed ranging from 4 to 24, and this quantity diversity is due to allowed ranges of space.
What should we call them, which are neither the Four Heavenly Kings nor the Eight Kinds of Divine Guardians, but keep the principles of Buddhism from various demons? What are they, who play the role of guardians in armor at the lowest places? The current author pays attention to Guandingjing (『灌頂經』), which played a crucial role in the foundation of Sach'?nwang Temple. It seems reasonable to consider Shenwang (神王) as the general name for these figures. which appears in Guandingjing. The pagoda-protecting Sinjang figure, among others, in particular, should be reasonably called "Huta Shanshen (護塔善神)", based on the sixth volume of Guandingjing. Of course, it is possible to consider "Huta Shanshen" as an extensive concept that includes all of the pagoda-protecting armed figures. since it is not a proper name. However, as Guandingjing, which had considerable influence in the 7th century. dearly refers to "Huta ShanShen" as an existence different from the Four Heavenly Kings or the Eight Kinds of Divine Guardians, the current author thinks that it was regarded as an independent concept at that time.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 존명에 관한 기왕의 견해
Ⅲ. 도상 및 형식 검토
Ⅳ. 7세기 동아시아 신장상과 『灌頂經』
Ⅴ. 맺음말
참고문헌
ABSTRACT
참고문헌 (58)
참고문헌 신청
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