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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
역사학회 역사학보 歷史學報 第184輯
발행연도
2004.12
수록면
247 - 280 (34page)

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After the Social War, the Roman goverrunent actively organized the Italian allies into the municipal societies. These societies were each granted self-government, and shaped according to the Roman constitution. Each municipal society became a small republic with its own character and tradition. The names of the municipal magistrates were different in each society but their main functions were the same as the Roman one. So we can conclude that Roman government had attempted to replicate the republics with her image all over the peninsula. This policy was special and exceptional considering the policies of the other hellenistic states, which had developed monarchy, bureaucracy and professional army. But the policy in itself also had a difficulty in attracting the cities based on the self-control. the Roman government needed their voluntary participation in the rule of the empire. So the Romans treated the elites of the Italian societies favorably and gave them the opportunities to raise themselves into the central stage. For example, those who had financial ability might report their properties and families separately in the city of Rome and also be absolved from the local census. As a result, the financial businessmen or their sons could advance into the central politics. Roman government was deeply interested in the recruitment of soldiers, which was unattainable without the local elites. So special favor was granted to the veteran soldiers who had volunteered for service in infantry or cavalry of Roman army. They were treated with special privilege with which they could approach the local magistracy passing over the age restriction. And some soldiers became the Roman equites or military tribunes by the generals in the camp. This method was a routine for Italian citizens to be the Roman equites and became abused in the period between the two Triumvirates. The later half of the first century B. C. was the period of ladder for the Italian elite to raise themselves to the higher order. This was the situation preparing the Roman Revolution named by R.Syme. In conclusion, the Roman republic was maintained by this antagonism between the self-government of municipal society and the control of the Roman government. Now it is recommended to research the effects of this mechanism both in the dimension of person or locality and in the whole empire.

목차

Ⅰ. 서언
Ⅱ. 자치도시의 구조
Ⅲ. 중앙의 통제
Ⅳ. 결어
【부록】 공화정기 로마의 관직표와 번역어 제시
〈Abstract〉

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