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학술저널
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한국셰익스피어학회 Shakespeare Review Shakespeare Review Vol.41 No.3
발행연도
2005.9
수록면
355 - 374 (20page)

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The purpose of this study is to analyse how differently Shakespeare and Marlowe deal with the shocking event of usurping and killing king in Richard Ⅱ and Edward Ⅱ, and furthermore to clarify their different political attitudes to the medieval tradition of the myth of kingship. According to Michael Evans, the medieval kingship had the divine authority despite it's corruption and even tyranny. Although there was a debate about dethronement of kings who violate God's order, it was believed that only God's judgement can dethrone the king. However, as Phyllis Rackin indicates, Machiavellian discourse coexisted with providential discourse in Elizabethan England. And Shakespeare and Marlowe commonly reveal the illusoriness of the myth of kingship, but there is a great difference between their writings. While Shakespeare doesn't support any particular political discourse using ambiguous and double attitude, Marlowe reveals an apparent political view that violates the myth of kingship and the dignity of ruling order. It seems that this difference comes from the two rival writers' different consciousness of the Elizabethan political reality.
As we look into the political perspectives of the two works revealed in the representation of king's dethronement and murder, Edward Ⅱ threatens and even mocks the myth of kingship much more than Richard Ⅱ. Although dramatizing, in Richard Ⅱ, Richard's dethronement and murder which result from his own faults, Shakespeare shows respect to the providential discourse of king's divinity as well as to the power dominating political reality. The myth of kingship must be necessary not only for Richard but for Bolingbroke. On the contrary, Marlowe's Edward is thoroughly and miserably used and mocked, and loses the divine dignity despite his son Edward Ⅲ inherits his political body. Marlowe demystifies the myth of kingship by portraying Edward as a weak human being who hangs over the physical pleasure, and who trembles at the fear of death. Furthermore, the followers of Edward are all the objects of physical desire and we cannot hear the voice which reminds us of the divinity of kingship. Rather the work is filled with those who mocks and laughs at it.

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