본 연구는 자신의 감정을 노동의 수단으로 사용하는 감정노동자에 대한 조직의 정서통제가 개인안녕에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 있다. 분석방법으로는 질적 연구와 양적 연구를 혼합한 순차적 혼합연구모형을 사용하였다. 먼저 대표적인 감정노동자인 은행원, 호텔리어, 항공승무원, 간호사, 경찰, 교정직 종사자 25명을 선정하여 행동사건 면접법으로 감정노동자의 직업행동을 분석하였으며, 다음으로 여기에서 탐색된 변인을 바탕으로 이들 직종의 689명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 조직의 정서통제가 감정노동자의 개인 안녕에 미치는 영향을 다중회귀분석을 통하여 검증하였다. 또한 여기에서 개인의 정서조절책략이 매개효과를 가지는지도 분석하였다. 질적 연구를 통하여 정서통제의 하위변인으로서 고객우선, 직무다양, 인사평가, 직무자율, 정서조절 책략으로는 표면행동과 내면행동, 그리고 개인안녕으로는 직무소진, 고객만족, 직무만족, 심리적 분리를 하위변인으로 도출하였다. 이들을 가지고 다중회귀분석을 한 결과 ? 직무자율은 직무만족, 고객만족, 심리적 분리에는 정(+)의 영향을, 직무소진에는 부(-)의 영향을 미치고 있으며, ? 인사평가는 직무소진과 고객만족에는 정(+)의 영향을, 직무만족에는 부(-)의 영향을 미치고 있고, ③ 고객우선은 직무만족과 심리적 분리에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있으며, ④ 직무다양은 고객만족에만 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 표면행동과 내면행동을 하위변인으로 한 정서조절책략의 매개효과도 존재하는 것으로 검증되었다. 본 연구는 감정노동자의 감정을 개인적인 차원으로만 제한하려는 조직문화를 극복하는 노력이 강화되어야 하는데, 특히 직무자율을 확충하고 개인의 안녕을 고려한 인사평가가 필요하며, 개인의 정서조절책략이 안녕을 강화할 수 있도록 직무교육 및 상담프로그램 등이 체계화되어야 함을 시사하고 있다.
This study analyzed the effect of emotion control of an organization on emotional workers"s individual well-being. For this, we used a sequential mixed research method of qualitative and quantitative analysis. As a first step, we analyzed emotional workers" occupational behaviors through behavioral event interview by selecting 25 workers who were dealing with lots of customers, frequently contacting with diverse people, handling unpleasant or angry people, quite often dealing with physically aggressive persons, and experiencing many conflicts with external customers. At the second step, we analyzed how the emotion control of an organization influences emotional worker"s individual well-being depending on emotional regulation strategies on the basis of the variables explored in the first step. For this quantitative research, we surveyed 689 workers who were working at tne bank and insurance companies, hotels, and flight attendants, nurses, career counsellors, police officers, prison officers, sales persons, etc. Through the first qualitative study, customer priority, task variety, personnel evaluation, and task autonomy were chosen as the sub-variable components of the emotion control, which were the antecedent variables of emotional labor. And both surface acting and deep acting were determined as emotional regulation strategies, and customer satisfaction, job burnout, job satisfaction, and psychological detachment were determined as the outcome variables of individual well-being. In the next regression analysis, we found as follows: ? job autonomy positively affected job satisfaction, customer satisfaction, and psychological detachment, but negatively affected job burnout, ? personnel evaluation had a positive effect on both of job burnout and customer satisfaction, but negative effect on job satisfaction, ③ the effect of customer priority on both of job satisfaction and psychological detachment was positive, and ④ task variety significantly influenced customer satisfaction positively. It was found that the emotional regulation strategy, that is to say, surface acting and deep acting had a significant mediating effect on the individual well-being. That was ? that job burnout was significantly affected by surface acting and ? that job satisfaction, customer satisfaction, and psychological detachment were significantly influenced by deep acting. This study implies that the effort to overcome the organizational culture which has a strong tendency to disrespect individual emotions and to recognize the emotions on only personal dimension is necessary. Moreover, the findings provide that job autonomy should be enlarged, and personnel management should be managed by considering individual’s well-being. Also, job training and career counselling programs for emotional workers’ emotional regulation strategy to increase the individual well-being should be provided.