기업의 조직문화가 조직간 관계 관리에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구의 필요성이 제기되었음에도 불구하고, 그와 관련된 유통경로 선행연구들은 활발히 이루어지지 않았다. 특히, 국제 교환에서 기업의 조직문화의 영향력에 관한 연구들은 소수에 불과하였다. 본 연구는 조직간 거래관계의 성패를 좌우하는 요인으로 작용할 수 있는 수출업체의 조직문화 차원들이 거래쌍방 간 관계규범 차원과 수입업체의 관료적 구조화 참여화를 통해 거래쌍방 간 갈등을 어떻게 전략적으로 관리할 수 있는지 분석하였다. 조직문화에 대한 유통경로 선행연구들을 토대로, 본 연구는 Hofsted(2001)의 조직문화 차원을 연구모형에 도입하였다. 특히, 기업의조직행동의 양상을 크게 변화시킬 정도로 필수적인 조직문화 차원이라 일컬어지는 ``불확실성 회피``와 ``권력거리``. 그리고 개인 간 상호작용에 초점이 맞추어져 관계관리 연구에 가장 관련성성이 높은 ``집단주의``를 본 연구모형에 포함시켜 관계규범 차원에 미치는 영향력을 검증하였다. 한편, 유통경로 선행연구들과 달리, 본 연구에서는 관계규범 차원의 매개역할을 고찰하고자 하였다. 선행연구들은 주로 관계규범을 일차원으로 인식하여 여타변수들에 미치는 관계규범의 영향력을 검증하였다. 관계규범을 다차원으로 인식한 소수으 선행연구들조차도 단결규범을 단지 독립변수나 조절변수로 도입하여 그 주효과와 상호작용효과를 검증하였거나, 유연성규범을 단지 종속변수로 도입하였다. 이 연구의 가설들을 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하여 실증분석을 하였다. 샘플들은 직접 제품을 생산하고 중국수입업체에게 공급하는 제조업체들과, 제픔을 중국 수입업체에게 재판매하는 유통업체들 중에서 127개의 업체들을 대상으로 하였다. PLS 구조방정식 모형 분석을 통해 가설을 검증한 결과 불확실성 회피가 단결규범에 미치는 정(+)의 영향은 존재하는 것으로 나타났으나 유연성규범에 미치는 정(+)의 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 반면, 권력거리가 유연성규범에 미치는 부(-)의 영향은 나타났으나. 단결규범에 미치는 부(-)의 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 집단주의는 단결규범과 유연성규범 모두에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 단결규범이 참여화에 미치는 정(+)의 영향은 존재하는 것으로 나타났으나, 유연성규범이 그것에 미치는 정(+)의 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 참여화가 갈등에 미치는 부(-)의 영향은 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로, 이 연구의 이론적 의의와 관리적 시사점들이 논의되었고, 연구의 한계점들과 향후의 연구방향들이 제시되었다.
Organizational culture influences the terms and types of trade, and it can be a cause for the success or failure of interorganizational relationships(Kreps 1990; Segil 1998). In other words, corporate culture, corporate-level organizational culture, can influence distribution channel management like transaction activities as well as company`s general marketing management. Characteristics of corporate culture become salient in exchange relation, particularly in an international context(Deshande and Fancy 2004). On the transaction with local business in China which is Korean biggest trade partners, if Korean exporter wants to make relational performance by planning and practicing effective relationship management. it is difficult to ignore the influence of the organizational culture of Korean exporter. In the final analysis, even though the necessity of studies about the influence of corporate culture on relationship management between organizations has been posed. there have been scarce of such distribution channel studies(Deshpande, Farley, and Webster 1993; Hewett and Bearden 2001; Hewett, Money. and Sharma 2006; Moorman 1995; Pressey and Selassie 2002; Wuyts and Geyskens 2005). The studies on the influence of corporate culture in an international context are especially few(Deshpande, Farley, and Webster 2000; Deshpande and Farley 2004; Kale and Mclntyre 1991; Williams. Han, and Qualls 1998). Realizing the necessity of corporate culture research, this study verified how (I) organizational culture of exporter, (2) relational norms in dyadic relation, (3) bureaucratic structuring of importer, and (4) relationship quality in dyadic relation have effects on one another. First, this study verified that corporate culture dimensions have effects on relational norm dimensions. This study used uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and collectivism of Hofstede`s national culture dimensions as corporate culture dimensions. Individualism/collectivism reflects the way people in a society interact and is most pervasive difference associated with culture(Williams. Han. and Qualls 1998). Because it is focused on the interaction between people. individualism/collectivism has a lot to do with relationship management research. Meanwhile, both power distance and uncertainty avoidance have strong implications for the manner in which organizations are structured and how power is distributed within organizations(Errarnilli 1996). In oilier words, the two organizational culture dimensions can change the patterns of company`s organizational behavior, and then each of them can have different and significant effects on exchange relation with business partner. Organizational culture is the values that managers in a firm share regarding appropriate business practices in distribution channel, and these values provide members with norms of behavior in the organization(Deshpande, Farley, and Webster 1993; Wuyts and Geyskens 2005, p. 1(W). Such corporate cultures can also promote establishment and practice of norms required for exchange relation, so it is significant to verify how corporate culture can intluence relational norm dimensions in dyadie relation. Second, this study verified the influence of relational norm dimensions on participation of bureaucratic structuring. Relational norms help to make decisions by providing standards to settle down several problems froni transaction. and they reduce a party`s vulnerability to OCCUr as the oilier party is involved in a party`s decision-making. These are the reasons why the other party can frequently participate in a party`s decision-making. Because relational nouns may safeguard against hazards that are poorly protected by the contract(Wuyts and Geyskens 2005). establishing relational norms can be important when exporter transacts with local importer in such the nation as China, which did not thoroughly modify laws related with business transaction. This study used solidarity norm and flexibility norm as the main dimensions ol` relational noun. Solidarity norm induces cooperation even when the terms of exchange between the parties are incomplete (Kumar, Reid, and Watlume 2011). and it promotes the creation of joint value rather than individual value(Ghosh and John 1999: Rokkan, 1-leide, and Wathne 2003). Therefore, solidarity norm is very important means to promote cooperation in the international transaction which has a big risk of transacting due to both real and psychic distance. Meanwhile, failure to adapt to changes could result in lost sales and other forms of value losses(Ghosh and John 1999: Kim. Mcfarland. Kwon, Son. and Griffith 2011), but flexibility noun helps reconfigure resources in response to changing circumstances(Samaha. Palmatier. and Damn 2011). In the final analysis. in the international transaction to be hard to respond environmental changes properly because of real distance and cultural difference, if flexibility norm is formed to adapt to the changes. not only can exporter get a great benefit. but it can also maintain and improve the exchange relation with importer. Lastly. this study verified the influence of participation on conflict. Concurrence of both exchange parties is very significant to reduce conflict. However. it can be possible after decision is made by mutual consultation. To verify the hypotheses of this study. an empirical study surveying 127 Korean manufacturers or distributers to expert products to China was conducted. An analysis of the collected data indicates that while uncertainty avoidance has positive influences on solidarity norm, it doesn`t have a positive influence on flexibility norm. The analysis of this study also indicates that while power distance has negative influences on flexibility norm, it doesn`t have a negative influence on solidarity noun. However, collectivism has positive influences on both solidarity norm and flexibility norm. Meanwhile, while solidarity norm has a positive influence on participation. flexibility norm does not have a positive influence on it. in addition, the analysis of this study indicates that participation has a negative influence on conflict. Finally. the author discussed some theoretical contributions and managerial implications. And then, the author presented limitations of this study and the future research directions.