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The purpose of this study is to investigate effect size of variables in the precedent researches in which exercise programs were applied to the elderly for the last decade through meta-analysis, to identify changes based on period of investigation, age groups of investigation, and types of exercises through meta-regression analysis, and to present directions of further researches related to exercise for the elderly and practical data for effective exercise programs for the elderly. Based on the results of this study, frist, the size of the total effects of variable groups of physiological, physical, and psychological functions, as well as individual variable group, was statistically significant. The variable group of psychological functions showed large effect size, and the variable group of physical functions showed mid effect size. Second, among the sub-variables of the variable group of physiological functions, fat-free mass, blood sugar, and muscle mass had large effect size, while heart rate, body fat percentage, and weight had mid effect size. Third, among the sub-variables of the variable group of physical functions, general endurance, cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance, and agility had large effect size, while leg strength, balance, and flexibility had mid effect size. Fourth, in the variable group of psychological functions, quality of life, life energy, anger, self-efficiency, and anxiety had large effect size. Fifth, the results of meta-regression analysis of period of investigation, age groups of investigation, and types of exercises showed no statistically significant difference. However, based on the correlation analysis of the variables, changes were shown in fat-free mass and diastolic blood pressure.