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A Disease which Causes Death, or the Fundamental Condition of Human Existence? : A Philosophical Inquiry into the Concept of Melancholy through the History of Western Philosophy, Medicine, Art and Religion 2 - from Modern Period to the Present -
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죽음을 부르는 질병인가, 인간 실존의 근원적 조건인가? : 서구의 철학사, 의학사, 예술사, 신학사 전체를 관통하는, 멜랑콜리 개념에 관한 총체적 고찰 2 - 로버트 버튼에서 슬라보예 지젝까지 -

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Dong Hun Kim (한국예술종합대)
Journal
The New Korean Philosophical Association Journal of the New Korean Philosophical Association Vol. 80 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2015.4
Pages
113 - 137 (25page)

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A Disease which Causes Death, or the Fundamental Condition of Human Existence? : A Philosophical Inquiry into the Concept of Melancholy through the History of Western Philosophy, Medicine, Art and Religion 2 - from Modern Period to the Present -
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This treatise examines systematically the concept of melancholy with respect to the development of the theories on it throughout western history of philosophy, medicine, art and religion, especially from the publication of Robert Burton"s Anatomy of Melancholy to the contemporary theory of melancholy such as developed in Slavoj ?i?ek"s Did Somebody say Totalitarianism?, in order to lay the foundation of the appropriate understanding of melancholy which is considered nowadays as one of the most serious psychological diseases.
In modern period, Melancholy became an object of detailed clinical study as in the case of Robert Burton"s The Anatomy of Melancholy. Kant had in the first period of his philosophical career a positive attitude toward Melancholy, but afterwards changes his point of view and estimated it negatively. Among the Romanticists for whom as artists the feeling and insight is very important, the feeling of Melancholy occurs from the sense of frustration which comes from the impossibility to reach their ideal. For this reason, Melancholy became one of the most important concepts for the Romanticists along with the concept of nostalgia.
Freud sees Melancholy as a sort of psychic disease which is caused by the patient"s regression from the narcissistic selection of object to narcissism. To Kristeva, the cause of Melancholy lies in the patient"s refusal to separate him/herself from his/her mother in order to be autonomous. On the other hand, many medical doctors and scholars do not treat Melancholy as theoretical term any more. Instead, they use terms as major depressive disorder or unipolar depressive disorder, bipolar depressive disorder.
But in the field of philosophy, Melancholy is still the subject of vigorous discussion. Nietzsche and Kierkegaard are the philosophers who treat it intensively. They hold an ambivalent attitude toward it. On the one hand, it is for them an object of love and admiration. But on the other hand, it is the bad Goddess who drives them to misery. For Heidegger, it is elevated to a high status of a fundamental sentiment as Angst(anxiety), Langeweile(boredom). Walter Benjamin interprets the dialectic character of Melancholy as opposition between abject Melancholy in German Baroque Drama and Melancholia heroica which comes into sight in the poems of Charles Baudelaire. According to Slavoj Zizek, Melancholy does not occur from the clinging to the lost object of love, but from the loss of desire for the object which remains to be the possession of the melancholiacs. This means that Melancholy appears when the meaning of the world disappears. Precisely here begins philosophy which is the pursuit of the meaning of the world.

Contents

한글요약
I. 들어가며
II. 근대와 현대의 멜랑콜리
III. 맺으며
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2016-105-001395665