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The purpose of this study is to identify group developmental trajectories of adolescent suicidal ideation and examine the relationships between the group developmental trajectories and the individual, physical and mental health, family, and educationalㆍenvironmental factors. Three-wave data from 2010 to 2012 were used from the Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS), a longitudinal study of 2,351 adolescents. Using discrete mixture model, two suicidal ideation trajectories were identified: high-level suicidal ideation group and low-level suicidal ideation group. The results of the relationship between group developmental trajectories and predicting factors were as follows. Among individual factors, sex, drinking and smoking behavior, school absence, runaway experience, and Internet delinquency were found to be associated with the trajectory membership. Of physical and mental health factors, depression, attention-deficit, aggression, social withdrawal, physical health symptoms were associated with the suicide ideation trajectory membership. Among family factors, abuse, neglect, and family income were associated with the trajectory membership, and experience of violence and satisfaction with grades were associated with the trajectory class among educational and environmental factors. Based on the results, the present study suggests practice guidelines to prevent adolescent suicide.
본 연구는 준모수적 집단중심모형 분석방법으로 청소년 자살생각의 발달궤적 유형을 분석한 후, 집단유형별 잠재계층에 영향을 주는 예측 요인을 개인적 특성과 경험, 정신적ㆍ신체적 건강, 가족특성, 교육적ㆍ사회적 특성으로 분류하여 검증하였다. 한국아동ㆍ청소년패널 2010~2012년도의 3년간 수집된 2,351명 청소년의 자료를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 3년간 패널데이터에서 자살생각높음궤적과 자살생각낮음궤적의 2개 모형이 식별되었고, 자살생각높음궤적은 중학교 3학년 시기에 가장 높은 수준의 패턴을 나타냈다. 궤적그룹의 차이에 영향을 미치는 요인으로, 개인적 특성과 경험 요인 중 여성, 높은 음주 및 흡연, 무단결석 및 가출경험, 사이버비행경험이 자살생각높음궤적에 속할 가능성을 높이는 요인인 것으로 나타났으며, 정신적ㆍ신체적 건강 요인 중에서 높은 우울, 주의집중력 부족, 높은 공격성, 높은 사회적 위축 수준, 많은 신체화 증상 등이 자살생각높음궤적에 속할 가능성을 높이는 요인인 것으로 나타났다. 가족특성 중 학대와 방임, 가구소득은 자살생각높음궤적에 속할 확률이 높았고, 교육적ㆍ사회적 특성 중 학교폭력 피해경험이 있을수록, 성적이 낮을수록 자살생각높음궤적에 속할 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 토대로 청소년의 자살예방을 위한 실천방안을 제안하였다.
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