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Internal R&D and External Knowledge Search : Technology Strategy, Capability, and R&D Center
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내부 R&D투자와 외부 지식탐색 활용 영향요인 : 전략, 역량 및 연구소

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Sangmoon Park (강원대학교)
Journal
DAEHAN Association of Business Administration, Korea Korean Jouranl of Business Administration Vol.31 No.3 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2018.3
Pages
647 - 665 (19page)
DOI
10.18032/kaaba.2018.31.3.647

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Internal R&D and External Knowledge Search : Technology Strategy, Capability, and R&D Center
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Technological innovation is important for firms to seize new business opportunities and strengthens technology competitiveness in existing product markets. According to widespread of open innovation, prior studies focused on the effects of external knowledge search activities on performance with many country contexts. Recently there has been a growing interest in key factors to increase external knowledge search activities with limited empirical studies. There is little studies on how firm characteristics have impact both on internal R&D investment and external knowledge search activities. Also there are little understanding on the dual roles of R&D center for internal R&D development and external knowledge search.
This study examined the relationship of firm characteristics-technological pioneering strategy, technological capability and the existence of R&D center with internal R&D investment and external knowledge search. In addition, this paper investigated the interacting effects of R&D center and technological capability on internal R&D investment and external knowledge search.
Based on the results of a large scale survey on Korean manufacturing SMEs, this paper tested key hypotheses. Technology pioneering strategy has a positive effect on internal R&D investment and external knowledge search. Firms to pursue first-to-local market strategy increase both internal R&D investment and external knowledge search. Firms to pursue first-to-global market only increase internal R&D investment. The higher the technological capability, the more positive the internal R&D investment and the external knowledge search. When firms have own R&D centers, they significantly increase intern R&D investment but have no significant relationshjps with external knowledge search. There are a positive interaction effects of R&D center and technological capability on internal R&D investment. In contrast to the hypothesis, there is a negative interaction effects of R&D center and technological capability on external knowledge search activities.
The main findings of this study and implications are as follows. There are differences in knowledge creation methods according to the technology strategy. Firms to develop first-to-market technology rather than general technology are actively seeking to create knowledge both inside and outside. In the process of external cooperation for the world "s first technology development, it can act as an obstacle to search of external knowledge due to possibility of leakage of information or knowledge on new technology and innovations. Independent R&D center operations have a different impact on internal or external knowledge acquisition. It seems that the main functional role of the R&D center in Korean manufacturing SMEs focuses on the internal R&D development rather than external knowledge searches. It has little roles to access diverse information sources and create innovations.
The interaction effect between the R&D center and the internal knowledge capability shows different results in internal R&D investment and external knowledge search. The R&D center with a high level of internal technology capability has a positive influence on internal R&D investment. This is because the securing of the technological capability through R&D center earns organizational legitimacy and top managers" attention to allocate more resources.
On the other hand, the interaction effect between internal technology capability level and R&D center has a negative effect on external knowledge search. This may be due to resistance to external knowledge and technology by the R&D center"s not-invented here (NIH) syndrome. It is also possible for R&D center to intentionally lower the use of external technologies when top managers have intents to reduce their internal R&D investment for internal R&D center that has excessive reliance on external technologies. Finally, this study presents theoretical and practical implications and explains the research limitations and future research directions.

최근 기업들은 내부 R&D투자와 동시에 외부 지식탐색을 통한 기술경쟁력 확보를 위해 노력하고 있다. 개방형 혁신의 중요성에 따라 외부 지식탐색에 대한 영향요인이나 상황적 특성에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있으나 이에 대한 실증연구는 미흡한 수준이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 중소제조기업에 있어서 내부 R&D투자와 외부지식탐색 활용에 영향을 주는 주요 기업특성요인들을 살펴보았다. 또한 기업내 R&D연구소 보유 여부가 내부 R&D투자와 외부 지식탐색 활용에 미치는 직접적인 효과과 조절효과를 살펴보았다
국내 중소제조기업들에 대한 대규모 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구가설들을 검정하였다. 기업들의 기술선도전략은 내부 R&D투자와 외부지식탐색에 정(+)의 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 국내최초전략을 추구하는 경우에는 내부 R&D투자와 외부지식탐색 모두 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 세계최초전략을 추구하는 경우에는 내부 R&D투자만 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 기술역량이 높을수록 내부 R&D투자와 외부지식탐색 모두 정(+)의 영향을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. R&D 연구소를 보유한 경우에는 내부 R&D투자는 유의하게 확대하는 것으로 나타났으나 외부지식탐색에는 유의한 영향관계가 나타나지 않았다. 연구소를 보유하고 기술역량이 높은 경우에는 내부 R&D투자와 정(+)의 영향관계가 나타났다. 반면, 연구소를 보유하고 기술역량이 높은 경우에는 외부지식탐색에 부(-)의 영향관계가 나타났다.
본 연구의 주요 연구결과와 시사점은 다음과 같다. 보편적인 기술보다는 최초기술을 개발하고자 하는 기업들은 내외부적으로 적극적인 지식창출을 추구하는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 그러나, 세계 최초 기술개발을 추구하는 경우에는 외부 기술이나 지식유출 우려는 외부지식탐색을 저해하는 요인으로 작용할 수 있다. 국내 중소제조기업들의 R&D연구소는 내부 기술개발 기능에는 충실하나 외부 지식탐색 기능은 미흡한 것으로 나타나고 있어 제한적인 역할에 그치고 있다. 연구소 보유하고 내부 기술역량 수준이 높을 경우에는 연구소 조직에 대한 정당성과 경영진 관심으로 인해 내부 R&D투자를 확대하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 연구소를 보유하고 내부기술역량 수준이 높은 경우에는 NIH 현상이나 외부 기술의존에 따른 연구소 존재와 역할에 대한 정당성 확보와 자원확보의 어려움으로 외부지식탐색을 저해하는 것으로 나타났다.
#내부 R& #D #외부지식 #지식탐색 #연구소 #역량 #Internal R& #D #External knowledge #Knowledge search #R& #D center #Capability

Contents

요약
Abstract
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 선행연구
Ⅲ. 연구모형
Ⅳ. 연구방법론
Ⅴ. 분석결과
Ⅵ. 토의 및 결론
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