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This study was to investigate the effects of cognition-physical activity program participation on the cognitive function of the elderly, which included both physical and cognitive factors such as aerobic exercise, strength training, working memory, calculation, attention concentration, and spatial memory. The experimental group participated in the cognition-physical activity program for 60 minutes, three times a week for 12 weeks and the control group maintained normal activity level for 12 weeks. The cognition-physical activity program consisted of 10 minutes of preparation exercise including gymnastics and stretching, 15 minutes of resistance exercise using elastic band, 30 minutes of cognitive training requiring memory, calculation, executive function, 5 minutes of cool-down. After conducting the 12-week program, we conducted four cognitive tasks (computational ability, attention, information processing, and executive functions) to verify the effects. Cognition-physical activity programs have been found to be effective in improving cognitive function as well as physical functions such as the dynamic balance of the elderly. In addition, it was particularly effective in a comprehensive cognitive function related to daily activities rather than a single cognitive function such as calculation ability and memory, and an executive function involving complex cognitive processes such as selective attention, reaction suppression, and interference control. The cognition-physical activity program has the effect of improving the cognitive function of the old adult or delaying the deterioration of cognitive function related to aging.
본 연구는 유산소 운동, 근력 운동, 작업 기억, 계산, 주의 집중력, 공간기억, 자기조절, 계획 등의 다양한 인지요인을 통합한 인지-신체활동 프로그램 참여가 노인의 인지 기능에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 노인 17명(평균나이=76세)을 대상으로 인지신체활동군은 12주간 주 3회, 회당 60분 씩 인지-신체활동 프로그램에 참여했고, 통제군은 12주 동안 평소 신체활동 수준을 유지하였다. 인지-신체활동 프로그램은 체조와 스트레칭을 포함한 준비운동 10분, 탄력 밴드를 이용한 저항성 운동 15분, 기억, 계산, 집행 기능을 요구하는 인지운동 30분, 정리운동 5분, 총 60분으로 구성되었다. 12주간의 프로그램을 실시 한 후, 효과를 검증하기 위해 네 가지 인지과제(계산능력, 주의집중, 정보처리, 집행기능)를 실시했다. 인지 신체활동 프로그램은 노인의 동적균형과 같은 신체기능 뿐 아니라 인지기능의 향상에 효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 계산능력, 기억과 같은 단일 인지기능보다는 일상생활 영위와 관련이 있는 포괄적인 인지기능과 선택적 주의력, 반응억제, 간섭제어와 같은 복합적인 인지과정을 수반하는 집행기능에 특히 효과적이었다.
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