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논문 기본 정보
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- 2016.1
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Background: Due to the paucity of oceanic resources utilized in the preparation of diets for cultured fish, commercial feed producers have been trying to replace fishmeal (FM) using alternative protein sources such as vegetable protein meals (VMs). One of the main drawbacks of using VMs in fish feed is related to the presence of a variety of anti-nutritional factors, which could trigger an inflammation process in the distal intestine. This reduces the capacity of the enterocytes to absorb nutrients leading to reduced fish growth performances.
Methods: We evaluated the mitigating effects of butyrate and taurine used as feed additives on the morphological abnormalities caused by a soybean meal (SBM)-based diet in the distal intestine of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We used three experimental diets, containing the same low percentage of FM and high percentage of SBM; two diets were supplemented with either 0.2% sodium butyrate or taurine. Histological changes in the intestine of fish were determined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Infiltration of CD45+ leucocytes in the lamina propria and in the submucosa was assessed by immunohistochemistry. We also quantified by One-Step Taqman® real-time RT-PCR the messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance of a panel of genes involved in the intestinal mucosa inflammatory response such as TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and interleukins: IL-8, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6.
Results: Fish that received for 2 months the diet with 30% soy protein (16.7% SBM and 12.8% full-fat soy) developed an inflammation in the distal intestine, as confirmed by histological and immunohistochemistry data. The expression of target genes in the intestine was deeply influenced by the type of fish diet. Fish fed with taurine-supplemented diet displayed the lowest number of mRNA copies of IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 genes in comparison to fish fed with control or butyrate-supplemented diets. Dietary butyrate caused an upregulation of the TNFα gene transcription. Among the quantified interleukins, IL-6 was the only one to be not influenced by the diet.
Conclusions: Histological and gene expression data suggest that butyrate and taurine could have a role in normalizing the intestinal abnormalities caused by the SBM, but the underling mechanisms of action seem different.
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참고문헌 (63)
참고문헌 신청
Baeverfjord G / 1996 / Development and regression of soybean meal induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, distal intestine : a comparison with the intestines of fasted fish / J Fish Dis 19(5):375~387
Baeza-Ariño R / 2014 / Study of liver and gut alterations in sea bream, Sparus aurata, fed a mixture of vegetable protein concentrates / Aquacult Res 47(2):460~471
Bakke-Mckellep M / 2000 / Changes in immune and enzyme histochemical phenotypes of cell in the intestinal mucosa of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., with soybean meal-induced enteritis / J Fish Dis 23:115~127
Brotons Martinez J / 2004 / Effect of dietary taurine supplementation on growth performance and feed selection of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, fry fed with demand-feeders / Fish Sci 70:74~79
Buttle LG / 2001 / The binding of soybean agglutinin (SBA) to the intestinal epithelium of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fed high levels of soybean meal / Vet Immunol Immunopathol 80:237~244
Baeza-Ariño R / 2014 / Study of liver and gut alterations in sea bream, Sparus aurata, fed a mixture of vegetable protein concentrates / Aquacult Res 47(2):460~471
Bakke-Mckellep M / 2000 / Changes in immune and enzyme histochemical phenotypes of cell in the intestinal mucosa of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., with soybean meal-induced enteritis / J Fish Dis 23:115~127
Brotons Martinez J / 2004 / Effect of dietary taurine supplementation on growth performance and feed selection of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, fry fed with demand-feeders / Fish Sci 70:74~79
Buttle LG / 2001 / The binding of soybean agglutinin (SBA) to the intestinal epithelium of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fed high levels of soybean meal / Vet Immunol Immunopathol 80:237~244
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