본 연구는 학습과정 중 학습자 내면에서 진행되는 인지부하와 몰입이 사전지식의 학업성취도 예측에 어떠한 역할을 수행하는지를 조사하기 위해, 경기도에 위치한 Y여고 2학년 학생 164명을 대상으로 5주 동안 한국 근현대사 수업시간을 통해 실시되었다. 본 연구에서 인지부하는 인지적 노력과 문제해결 시 발생오류를 하위 변인으로, 몰입은 집중, 흥미, 호기심을 하위변인으로 개념화하여 자기보고식 검사지로 측정되었고, 사전지식과 성취도는 해당 교사 2인이 출제한 객관식 문제로 측정
되었다. 연구 결과, 사전지식, 인지부하, 몰입, 학업성취도 간에 유의미한 상관관계가 도출되었으며, 사전지식, 인지부하, 몰입 및 이의 하위 변인들이 성취도를 유의미하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 인지부하와 몰입이 사전지식과 학업성취도 사이의 관계를 매개하는지를 살펴보기 위하여 위계적 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 인지부하와 몰입 및 각각의 하위변인들에서 모두 유의미한 매개효과가 발생한 것으로 분석되었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 수업 설계와 운영에서 학습자의 사전
지식 수준에 따른 차별화된 설계 전략의 필요성을 다시금 확인시켜 주며, 수업 운영 시에 인지부하를 감소시키고 몰입을 증진시킬 수 있는 수업 운영전략이 도입되어야 함을 시사한다.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship among prior knowledge,cognitive load, flow, and achievement. Furthermore, an attempt was made to determine whether these variables could give meaningful influences to learning achievement. The participants of this study were 164 from Y Girls' High School, and the study lasted five weeks beginning October to November in 2007. Prior knowledge, learning achievement, cognitive load
and flow were measured by a set of questionnaires.
The current study has reached the following conclusions: first, results of a correlation analysis has proven that a correlation exists among all the variables, particularly with the problem solving time and learning achievement, which showed a high correlation. Prior knowledge and learning achievement, and cognitive effort and achievement also show a relatively high correlation. Second, cognitive effort and the problem solving time, which are
sub-variables of the cognitive load, and attention, interest, and curiosity, which are sub-variables of flow, are predicted by prior knowledge. The results of the study indicate that prior knowledge is a variable predicting cognitive load and flow. Third, it has been proven that prior knowledge, cognitive load, and flow predict achievement, particularly, prior knowledge,
which is the highest predicting variable of achievement. Fourth, in order to determine whether cognitive load and flow act as mediating variables between prior knowledge and achievement, a hierarchical regression analysis was conducted. As a result, it has been shown that all the
variables have mediating effects.
Therefore, further research should focus on teaching strategies that can reduce the students'cognitive load and improving their prior knowledge. In addition, after studying the relationship between flow and cognitive load, an explicit solution should be suggested to raise the level of study achievement.