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Objective The aim of this study was to compare the risk factors associated with mild/moderate meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)with those associated with severe in meconium-stained term neonates. Methods Consecutive singleton term neonates (n=671) with meconium staining at birth from all deliveries (n=14,666) in our institutionfrom January 2006 to December 2012 were included. Both maternal and neonatal variables were examined. Among thestudy population, for women who underwent the trial of labor (n=644), variables associated with labor were also examined. These variables were compared between the mild/moderate MAS group, the severe MAS group, and the MAS-absent group. Results MAS developed in 10.6% (71/671) of neonates with meconium staining at birth. Among the neonates with MAS,81.7% had mild MAS, 5.6% had moderate MAS, and 12.7% had severe MAS. The presence of minimal variabilitywas significantly increased in both the mild/moderate and the severe MAS groups. The frequencies of nulliparity,fetal tachycardia, and intrapartum fever were significantly increased in the mild/moderate MAS group, but not inthe severe MAS group. While a longer duration of the second stage of labor was significantly associated with mild/moderate MAS, severe MAS was associated with a shorter duration of the second stage. Notably, low mean cord pH(7.165 [6.850–7.375]) was significantly associated with mild/moderate MAS, but not with severe MAS (7.220 [7.021–7.407]) compared with the absence of MAS (7.268 [7.265–7.271]). Conclusion Our data suggest the development of severe MAS is not simply a linear extension of the same risk factors driving mild/moderate MAS.

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