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A Study on the 1960's Seoul Pilot Projects - Based on Archives from the Asia Foundation Records 1951-1996 -
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1960년대 서울의 시범도시계획에 대한 연구 - 「Asia Foundation Records 1951-1996」 자료를 중심으로 -

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Kang, Nan-hyoung (서울시립대)
Journal
The Institute of Seoul Studies, The University of Seoul The Journal of Seoul studies No.78 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2020.2
Pages
39 - 84 (46page)
DOI
10.17647/jss.2020.02.78.39

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A Study on the 1960's Seoul Pilot Projects - Based on Archives from the Asia Foundation Records 1951-1996 -
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Abstract· Keywords

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This study on the 1960’s Pilot Projects of Seoul, South Korea reads the urban spatial transformations of Seoul as productive spaces of conflict between donor and recipient countries of international aid as a transitional moment for South Korean urbanism departing from the existing infrastructure based approach towards introducing research-based methods and the mobilization of a system of actors. It focuses on the period of 1965 to 1967, during which the American urban planner Oswald Nagler led a team of young south Korean architects under HURPI, funded by the Asian Foundation.
Drawing from research on the Asia Foundation records at the Stanford University Hoover Institution Archives, this study focuses on three distinct periods: 1) the Urban Design Team phase(UDT 1965.6~1965.12) composed of small teams of South Korean architects, who surveyed urban public facilities and learnt minimum housing unit design methods; the Urban & Regional Planning Institute phase(URPI, 1965.12~1966.12), which involved the Ministry of Construction and other municipal governments to elaborate pilot project guidelines and reports while designating potential pilot projects; and the Housing, Urban and Regional Planning Institute phase(HURPI, 1966.12~1967.5) which involved other international aid organizations to realize plans to provide apartment housing as a long term mortgage product.
As a result, “high density urban redevelopment” methods for “eliminating slums and building walkup apartments” were adopted on Korean soil as a practical solution for urban housing policy. These programs can be characterized as urban redevelopment programs funded by American international aid foundations which aimed to reorganize housing for the urban poor in recipient countries, and as American institutions who saw these international aid projects as opportunities to experiment with the emerging field of urban design.
Korean government officials embraced these novice urban design methods in urban planning strategies such as surveying housing typologies, seeking to disseminate them in other major South Korean cities. However, the scale of housing and target groups of these redevelopment programs emerged as a point of contention between Korean officials and international aid organizations, as they started to question the validity of self-help housing and homeownership programs from international aid, which donors organizations consistently advocated for as ‘citizen minimum standard’ housing programs in urban redevelopment projects.
This research can be applied as a basic frame of reference for comparative studies of the spatial transformations undergone by Asian capitals as recipients of urban planning development aid under the Cold War system.

Contents

Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 아시아재단의 도시계획 원조 배경
Ⅲ. 건설부 산하 도시계획연구실의 조직변화와 주요활동
Ⅳ. 시범도시계획의 지역적 확산과 적용
Ⅴ. 결론
참고문헌
국문초록
ABSTRACT

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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2020-911-000446960