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Crime Incident Prediction Model based on Bayesian Probability
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베이지안 확률 기반 범죄위험지역 예측 모델 개발

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Type
Academic journal
Author
HEO, Sun-Young (경상대학교 공학연구원) KIM, Ju-Young (경상대학교 도시공학과 Bk21+) MOON, Tae-Heon (경상대학교 도시공학과 Bk21+)
Journal
한국지리정보학회 한국지리정보학회지 한국지리정보학회지 제20권 제4호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2017.1
Pages
89 - 101 (13page)

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Crime Incident Prediction Model based on Bayesian Probability
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Crime occurs differently based on not only place locations and building uses but also the characteristics of the people who use the place and the spatial structures of the buildings and locations. Therefore, if spatial big data, which contain spatial and regional properties, can be utilized, proper crime prevention measures can be enacted. Recently, with the advent of big data and the revolutionary intelligent information era, predictive policing has emerged as a new paradigm for police activities. Based on 7420 actual crime incidents occurring over three years in a typical provincial city, "J city," this study identified the areas in which crimes occurred and predicted risky areas. Spatial regression analysis was performed using spatial big data about only physical and environmental variables. Based on the results, using the street width, average number of building floors, building coverage ratio, the type of use of the first floor (Type II neighborhood living facility, commercial facility, pleasure use, or residential use), this study established a Crime Incident Prediction Model (CIPM) based on Bayesian probability theory. As a result, it was found that the model was suitable for crime prediction because the overlap analysis with the actual crime areas and the receiver operating characteristic curve (Roc curve), which evaluated the accuracy of the model, showed an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.8. It was also found that a block where the commercial and entertainment facilities were concentrated, a block where the number of building floors is high, and a block where the commercial, entertainment, residential facilities are mixed are high-risk areas. This study provides a meaningful step forward to the development of a crime prediction model, unlike previous studies that explored the spatial distribution of crime and the factors influencing crime occurrence.

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