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For over a half-century, the perception concerning unification has been changing. The “unification consciousness” of the Korean people differs according to everyone’s situation and values and is complexly influenced by various factors. Even in the same generation, people differ in age, gender, income, political ideology, and how they perceive North Korea. In response to this need, this study selected representative indicators that influence the Korean people’s unification consciousness and conducted a latent profile analysis to explore and analyze group types that exhibit homogeneous characteristics. The necessity of unification was predicted based on the group type of the classified unification consciousness profile. As a result, first, 4 groups could be derived when the group types were classified based on the unification consciousness profile. Group A is a group of low education, low-income people, aged 60 years or over, Group B is a group with highly educated and high-income individuals, who are progressive and have a high affinity for North Korea, Group C has high education and high income, and shows conservativeness with high hostility towards North Korea, and Group D is a group with low-happiness and low family status satisfaction. Second, while looking at the necessity of unification for the four groups divided according to the unification consciousness profile, group B (high education, high-income, progressive, North Korean-friendly group) showed the highest necessity, compared to group C (high education, high-income, conservative, hostile towards North Korea group) which showed the lowest awareness concerning the need for unification. Third, as a result of predicting the necessity of unification for the four groups, divided according to the unification consciousness profile, it was found that in group A (low education, low-income group, aged 60 years or over), men have a higher need for unification than women, and people with a stronger sense of pride about Korea showed lower awareness about the necessity of unification. In Group B (high education, high-income, progressive, North Korean-friendly group), higher level of happiness and stronger pride about Korea indicated higher need for unification while higher satisfaction about household status, and stronger hostility towards North Korea indicated lower need for unification. In group C (high education, high-income, conservative, hostile towards North Korea group), higher satisfaction about household status, stronger sense of pride about Korea, and stronger hostility towards North Korea perceived lower need for unification. In group D (group with low-happiness and low family status satisfaction), higher education level indicated stronger belief about the necessity for unification while stronger belief in the possibility of war on the Korean peninsula, stronger hostility towards North Korea indicated low necessity for unification.
반세기를 넘어 통일에 대한 인식은 변화하고 있다. 한국 국민의 통일의식은 각자 개인이 처한 상황과 가치관에 따라 다르고, 다양한 요인에 의해 복합적으로 영향을 받는다. 동 세대라 하더라도 나이나 성별, 소득은 어떤지, 정치이념이 어떤지, 북한을 어떻게 인식하고 있는지에 따라 다르다. 이러한 문제 제기에 따라 본 연구에서는 한국 국민의 통일의식에 영향을 미치는 대표적인 지표를 선정하고, 잠재프로파일 분석을 실시하여 동질한 특성을 나타내는 집단 유형을 탐색·분석하였다. 그리고 분류한 통일의식 프로파일의 집단 유형에 따른 통일의 필요성의 차이와 예측원을 예측하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면, 첫째, 통일의식 프로파일에 따른 집단 유형은 4개의 집단(60대 이상 저학력·저소득 집단군(집단 A), 진보성향 고학력·고소득의 북한 우호감이 높은 집단군(집단 B), 보수성향 고학력·고소득의 북한적대감이 높은 집단군(집단 C), 행복도·가계상태 만족도가 낮은 집단군(집단 D))이 도출되었다. 둘째, 통일의식 프로파일에 따른 네 집단별 통일 필요성은 진보성향 고학력·고소득의 북한 우호감이 높은 집단군이 통일 필요성을 가장 높게 인식하고, 보수성향 고학력·고소득의 북한적대감이 높은 집단군이 통일 필요성에 대한 인식이 가장 낮았다. 셋째, 통일의식 프로파일에 따른 네 집단별로 통일 필요성을 예측한 결과, 60대 이상 저학력·저소득 집단군(집단 A)은 남성이 여성보다 통일 필요성이 높고, 한국인의 자부심이 높을수록 통일이 필요하다는 인식이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 진보성향 고학력· 고소득 북한 우호감이 높은 집단군(집단 B)은 행복도가 높을수록, 한국인의 자부심이 높을수록 통일 필요성이 높고, 가계상태 만족도가 높을수록, 북한에 대해 적대적일수록 통일 필요성이 낮아진다. 보수성향 고학력· 고소득 북한적대감이 높은 집단군(집단 C)은 가계상태의 만족도가 높을수록, 한국인의 자부심이 높을수록, 북한을 적대적으로 인식할수록 통일 필요성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 행복도·가계상태 만족도가 낮은 집단군(집단 D)은 학력이 높을수록 통일이 필요하다는 인식이 높았고, 한반도의 전쟁 가능성이 크다고 인식할수록, 북한을 적대적으로 인식할수록 통일 필요성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다.
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