유가가 상승하는데 왜 원유펀드는 수익이 나지 않을까? 2016년 1월 4일부터 2020년 7월 21일까지 국제유가는 14% 상승한 반면 국내에서 판매되고 있는 원유펀드는 ?50% 손실이 발생하였다. 원유펀드는 보통 원유선물등의 파생상품을 활용하여 운용되고 있다. 원유펀드에서 최근월물 원유선물의 만기도래 시 원월물로 갈아타는롤오버(roll-over) 과정에서 발생하는 롤오버비용과 매매비용, 환헤지비용, 보수 등은 원유펀드 수익률을 낮추는원인이 된다. 본 연구는 원유펀드와 러시아펀드 간 상관성을 살펴보고, 원유펀드에 투자하는 것에 갈음하여투자비용 측면에서 우위가 있는 러시아펀드에 투자하였을 때의 위험 조정 투자성과를 살펴보았다. 실증분석을이용한 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 원유펀드 수익률 변동은 러시아펀드 수익률 변동에 유의한 양(+)의영향을 미치고 있었다. 하지만 러시아펀드 수익률 변동은 원유펀드 수익률 변동의 원인으로 볼 수 없었다. 둘째, 샤프지수를 활용하여 원유펀드와 러시아펀드의 위험 조정 투자성과를 살펴본 결과 러시아펀드의 우위를확인할 수 있었다. 이에 대해 러시아펀드는 현물시장에 투자하고 있기 때문에 롤오버비용이 발생하지 않을뿐만 아니라 높은 배당수익이 발생하기 때문으로 해석하였다. 본 연구는 금융기관과 연기금의 자금운용에 있어서 원자재 관련 투자효율성을 높이는 학문적 시사점과 전략을 제시하였다는 시사점이 있다.
This paper starts with the question, “Why won't oil funds make money when oil prices go up?” From January 4, 2016 to July 21, 2020, international oil prices rose 14%, while Samsung Asset Management's crude oil fund, which is sold in Korea, rost -50%. During the same period, the Russian stock index returned 68% and Kiwoom Asset Management Russia fund returned 68%. Oil funds investors are investing with the expectation that oil funds returns will rise if international oil prices rise, but the reality was different. Crude oil funds are usually operated using derivatives such as crude oil futures. Rollover costs are incurred in the roll-over process when crude oil futures expire. Rollover costs, trading costs, currency hedge costs, and fund remuneration lower crude oil funds returns. Russia funds invests in the Russian stock market do not incur rollover costs. In addition, the Russian stock market generates dividend income of 4-5% per year, which contributes to a rise in Russia funds yield. Therefore, if there is a significant positive correlation between oil funds and Russia funds, investors may be able to increase their investment efficiency by investing in Russia funds instead of oil funds. According to previous studies, the spot price of crude oil has a positive effect on the Russian stock index and currency value. In this paper, based on the previous research, it is found that the investment performance of Russian fund is higher than that of oil fund due to investment cost and management method. In this study, investigating the problems of fund investment in accordance with fund management and cost structure and suggesting alternative investment were thought to contribute to investors and academia. The results of empirical analysis using VAR model and Granger causality test are as follows. First, oil fund yield fluctuations had a significant positive effect on Russia fund yield fluctuations. However, fluctuations in Russia fund yields did not contribute to oil fund returns. Second, looking at the investment performance of crude oil fund and Russia fund using the Sharpe index, we can confirm the superiority of Russia fund. As a result of dividing the entire sample into two, the Sharpe index of Russia fund was higher than that of crude oil fund. In addition, because of investment costs, the Sharpe index of crude oil fund was lower than the Sharpe index of oil spot price. On the other hand, the Sharpe index of Russia fund was higher than that of Russian stock index. This is because Russian fund was investing in the spot market, and there was no rollover and dividend income was generated. This study suggests that in the management of funds for financial institutions and pension funds, it conveys significant points of investment in raw materials and suggests strategies to increase investment efficiency.