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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
Ong Samantha Y. Q. (NHS Lothian) Flyamer Ilya M. (The University of Edinburgh) Bickmore Wendy A. (The University of Edinburgh) Biddie Simon C. (NHS Lothian)
저널정보
대한생화학·분자생물학회 Experimental and Molecular Medicine Experimental and Molecular Medicine 제53권
발행연도
2021.4
수록면
1 - 12 (12page)
DOI
10.1038/s12276-021-00595-x

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The zoonotic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2), which causes COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019), has resulted in a pandemic. This has led to an urgent need to understand the molecular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection, factors associated with COVID-19 heterogeneity and severity, and therapeutic options for these patients. In this review, we discuss the role of host factors in SARS-CoV-2 infection and describe variations in host factor expression as mechanisms underlying the symptoms and severity of COVID-19. We focus on two host factors, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss genetic variants associated with COVID-19 severity revealed in selected patients and based on genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Furthermore, we highlight important advances in cell and chromatin biology, such as single-cell RNA and chromatin sequencing and chromosomal conformation assays, as methods that may aid in the discovery of viral?host interactions in COVID-19. Understanding how regulation of host factor genes varies in physiological and pathological states might explain the heterogeneity observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection, help identify pathways for therapeutic development, and identify patients most likely to progress to severe COVID-19.

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