상고 중국어에서 月部 중 일부는 盍部에서 왔고, 物部와 質部 중 일부는 緝部에서 왔는데, 이는 실상 *-ps ˃ *-ts의 변화를 반영하는 현상으로, 去聲의 기원인 접미사 *-s가 양순 파열음의 조음 위치를 동화시켜 치조 파열음으로 변화시킨 것이다. 본 논문에서는 이와 관련된 諸說을 되짚어 보았고, 몇 가지 관련 예에 대해서 그 상고음 재구에 관한 논의를 전개하였다. 본 연구의 결론을 요약하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 상고 중국어에서 동사 ‘울다’는 *kʰrɯb이었고, 여기에 접미사 *-s가 붙어 파생된 명사 ‘눈물’은 *rɯbs이었다. *kʰrɯb의 서사 방식은 시종일관 ‘泣’이었으나, *rɯbs은 商周 시기에는 ‘眔’으로 썼고, 秦漢 시기에는 ‘淚’로 썼다.
둘째, 상고 중국어에서 ‘∼에 이르다’라는 동사의 어근은 LɯP과 같은 어형이었던 것으로 추정되는데, 戾 · 眔(遝) · 隶(逮) · 及 · 曁와 같이 몇 종류의 서사 방식이 존재하였다. 이 중 戾 · 隶(逮) · 曁는 운미가 본래 *-ps였으나 *-ts 단계를 거쳐서 중고음에서는 陰聲韻 去聲이 되었다.
셋째, 상고 중국어에서 동사 ‘∼에게 주다’는 *krub(어쩌면 *krɯb)이었고, 여기에 접미사 *-s가 붙어 파생된 명사 ‘제공된 식량’은 *qʰɯbs이었다. *krub의 서사 방식은 시종일관 ‘給’이었으나, *qʰɯbs는 ‘氣’에서 ‘餼’로 변경되었다.
넷째, 상고 중국어에서 동사 ‘(기체를) 들여 마시다’는 *qʰrɯb이었고, 여기에 접미사 *-s가 붙어 파생된 명사 ‘기체’는 *kʰɯbs이었다. 또한 역시 여기에서 파생된 동사 ‘한숨 쉬다’는 *kʰɯːbs이었다. *qʰrɯb의 서사 방식은 시종일관 ‘吸’이었으나, *kʰɯbs는 ‘气’에서 ‘氣’로 변경되었다. 그리고, *kʰɯːbs는 氣에 心旁을 덧붙여 ‘愾’와 같이 쓰게 되었다.
다섯째, 旣는 曁의 소리 부호이기도 하고, 氣의 이체 ‘炁’의 소리 부호이기도 하므로 그 운미가 본래 *-ps였으나 *-ts 단계를 거쳐서 중고음에서는 陰聲韻 去聲이 된 것이다.
여섯째, 상고 중국어에서 동사 ‘∼을 폐지하다’는 *pabs였는데, 그 서사 방식이 灋에서 廢로 변경되었다. 본래는 발음이 *pabs였기 때문에 독음이 *pab(˂ *p-qab)이었던 灋을 빌려서 적었지만, 후대에 발음이 *pads로 변화하면서 독음이 *pad인 發을 소리 부호로 하는 廢로 그것을 적게 된 것이다.
In Old Chinese, some of the Yue group (月部) originated from the He group (盍部), and some of the Wu group (物部) and the Zhi group (質部) came from the Qi group (緝部). This is a phenomenon that reflects the sound change of *-ps ˃ *-ts, where the suffix *-s, the origin of qusheng (去聲), assimilated the place of articulation of the bilabial stop and changed it to the alveolar stop. This study reviewed the preceding researches related to this phenomenon and discussed the reconstruction in some of the related examples. The conclusions of this study can be summarized as follows.
First, in Old Chinese, the verb “weep” was *kʰrɯb, and the noun “tears” derived from it with the attachment of the suffix *-s was *rɯbs. While *kʰrɯb was written with the character “泣 qi” at all times, *rɯbs was written with “眔 ta” in the Shang-Zhou period, and with “淚 lei” in the Qin-Han period.
Second, in Old Chinese, the root of the verb "reach" is presumed to have had the same word form as that of LɯP. This word was written with several characters such as "戾 li", "眔(遝) ta", "隶(逮) dai", "及 ji" and “曁 ji". Among these, the final of "戾 li" , "隶(逮) dai" and "曁 ji" was originally *-ps, but through its change to *-ts, they became qusheng in Middle Chinese.
Third, in Old Chinese, the verb "provide" was *krub (or perhaps *krɯb), and the noun "provided food" derived from it with the attachment of the suffix *-s was *qʰɯbs. While *krub was written with the character "給 ji" at all times, *qʰɯbs was written with ‘"氣 qi", which was replaced by "餼 xi" later.
Fourth, in Old Chinese, the verb "inhale" was *qʰrɯb, and the noun "vapors" deprived from it with the attachment of the suffix *-s was *kʰɯbs. The verb "sigh", which was also deprived from the verb "inhale" (*qʰrɯb) was *kʰɯːbs. While *qʰrɯb was written with the character "吸 xi" at all times, *kʰɯbs was first written with "气 qi" and with "氣 qi" later. In the case of *kʰɯːbs, it was written with "愾 kai", by adding "心 xin" to "氣 qi".
Fifth, as "旣 ji" is a phonetic element of "曁 ji" and "炁 qi", which is a variant of "氣 qi", although its final was originally *-ps, through its change to *-ts, it became qusheng in Middle Chinese.
Sixth, in Old Chinese, the verb "cast aside" was *pabs, which was first written with "灋 fa", and later with "廢 fei". This verb was originally pronounced as *pabs, so it was written with "灋 fa", which was read as *pab (˂ *p-qab). However, as its pronunciation changed into *pads, it was written with "廢 fei", which had "發 fa" read as *pad as its phonetic element.