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논문 기본 정보
- 자료유형
- 학술저널
- 저자정보
- 저널정보
- 동양사학회 동양사학연구 東洋史學硏究 第170輯
- 발행연도
- 2025.3
- 수록면
- 1 - 43 (43page)
- DOI
- 10.17856/jahs.2025.3.170.001
이용수
초록· 키워드
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This study examines the structure and operational principles of the personnel system during the early Han dynasty, based on the Gongling (功令) text discovered in the Zhangjiashan Han tomb (M336), officially published in 2023. Previous research has largely interpreted the promotion system in the Han bureaucracy as a linear, merit-based structure or has treated Gongling as supplementary material. In contrast, this paper offers a systematic analysis of the text’s content, arguing that the promotion system in the early Han period operated through multiple institutionalized routes depending on qualifications and background.
Particularly, the study focuses on the so-called “fast-track” promotion routes available exclusively to certain qualified groups, such as officials holding the shi (史) credential and junli (軍吏) military functionaries. The shi officials were not merely lower-level scribes, but pre-approved bureaucratic candidates who had passed state-run educational and examination systems. These individuals were granted a separate route enabling direct access to central and high-ranking offices. Additionally, junli with distinguished military achievements were promoted through a distinct system based on military merit and titles, separate from the standard merit-based advancement structure.
Furthermore, Gongling reveals that the Han state actively recognized and responded to the concentration of personnel within fast-track routes by establishing institutional measures to regulate balance. This study thus sheds light on the flexible and strategic nature of the Han personnel system, and repositions shi as a crucial element in early imperial China’s bureaucratic talent cultivation, even if not a direct precursor to the later keju (civil service examination) system.
Particularly, the study focuses on the so-called “fast-track” promotion routes available exclusively to certain qualified groups, such as officials holding the shi (史) credential and junli (軍吏) military functionaries. The shi officials were not merely lower-level scribes, but pre-approved bureaucratic candidates who had passed state-run educational and examination systems. These individuals were granted a separate route enabling direct access to central and high-ranking offices. Additionally, junli with distinguished military achievements were promoted through a distinct system based on military merit and titles, separate from the standard merit-based advancement structure.
Furthermore, Gongling reveals that the Han state actively recognized and responded to the concentration of personnel within fast-track routes by establishing institutional measures to regulate balance. This study thus sheds light on the flexible and strategic nature of the Han personnel system, and repositions shi as a crucial element in early imperial China’s bureaucratic talent cultivation, even if not a direct precursor to the later keju (civil service examination) system.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 功勞의 신고와 승진 심사 과정
Ⅲ. 「功令」 속 승진 경로의 유형
Ⅳ. 결론
참고문헌
Abstract
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