목차

1. 초기불교의 시간과 영원 ····································· 8
1.1. 시간과 영원 문제의 의의 ··································· 8
1.2. 외도(外道)와 범부(凡夫)의 시간관 ····························· 13
1.2.1. 실체적 시간관 ········································ 13
1.2.2. 자아중심적 시간관 ···································· 15
1.3. 불교의 기본 입장 ······································· 2
1.3.1. 외도와 범부 시간관에 대한 비판 ···························· 2
1.3.2. 무상(無常)과 무아(無我), 연기(緣起) ·························· 25
1.3.3. 무상의 이중성과 두 가지 견해 가능성 ························· 31
2. 설일체유부의 시간과 영원 ··································· 37
2.1. 가유(假有)와 실유법(實有法) ································ 37
2.2. 유위법(有爲法)의 무상(無常) ································ 43
2.2.1. 유위법과 시간의 비실체성 ································ 43
2.2.2. 유위법의 변하지 않는 측면 ································ 4
2.2.3. 유위법의 변하는 측면 ··································· 48
2.2.4. 유위법의 변화 ······································· 5
2.3. 무상과 고(苦) ········································· 59
2.3.1. 고통스러운 유위의 삶과 윤회 ······························ 59
2.3.1.1. 개인의 삶과 윤회 ···································· 59
2.3.1.2. 무상한 삶과 윤회의 고통 ······························· 62
2.3.2. 고통의 원인 ········································ 6
2.3.2.1. 유루법(有漏法)과 삼세실유(三世實有)의 수면(隨眠) ················· 6
2.3.2.2. 삼세양중인과(三世兩重因果)와 윤회 ························· 68- i -
2.4. 무위법의 영원성과 고멸(苦滅) ······························· 71
2.4.1. 무상하지 않은 무위법 ··································· 71
2.4.2. 택멸법(擇滅法)을 얻는 과정 ······························· 74
2.4.3. 아라한의 열반과 고멸(苦滅) ······························· 7
소결론 ················································ 79
3. 유식학파의 시간과 영원 ···································· 80
3.1. 가아(假我)·가법(假法)과 식(識) ······························· 80
3.2. 식(識)의 무상 ········································· 94
3.2.1. 식(識)과 시간의 비실체성 ································· 94
3.2.2. 아뢰야식의 연속과 단절 ································· 95
3.2.3. 식의 변화 ·········································· 98
3.2.3.1. 표층의 무상 ········································ 98
3.2.3.2. 표층과 심층의 관계 ·································· 10
3.2.3.3. 심층의 무상 ······································· 103
3.3. 무상의 그릇된 인식과 고(苦) ······························· 105
3.3.1. 상상의 실아(實我), 실법(實法) ····························· 105
3.3.2. 무상의 그릇된 인식과 고통 ······························· 106
3.3.3. 그릇된 인식과 고통의 원인 ······························· 108
3.4. 무상 즉 영원과 고멸(苦滅) ································· 12
3.4.1. 원성실성(圓成實性)과 진여(眞如) ···························· 12
3.4.2. 무분별지(無分別智)와 후득지(後得智)에서의 영원 ·················· 14
3.4.3. 수행 과정 ········································· 17
3.4.4. 붓다의 열반(涅槃)과 보리 ······························· 123
소결론 ················································ 128
4. 불교에서 시간과 영원의 문제 ································ 129
4.1. 시간의 속박 ········································· 129- i -
4.1.1. 시간과 자아, 윤회 ···································· 129
4.1.2. 무상과 시간 ······································· 134
4.1.2.1. 유위법의 무상과 시간 ································· 134
4.1.2.2. 식(識)의 무상과 시간 ································· 139
4.2. 시간의 탈피와 영원 ····································· 143
4.2.1. 열반과 영원 ······································· 143
4.2.2. 무상의 탈피 ······································· 14
4.2.3. 그릇된 인식의 탈피 ·································· 146
4.3. 청정한 시간의 회복 ····································· 154
결론 ················································· 159
참고문헌 ·············································· 163
Abstract ······································