This thesis examines George Bernard Shaw’s stage play Pygmalion (1913) and Willy Russell’s stage play Educating Rita (1980), focusing on how each work rewrites the Pygmalion myth and how, in the process and product of adaptation, each play reinterprets the well-known Greek creation narrative. The comparative reading of both plays reveals that the acts of rewriting by Shaw and Russell respectively reflect the gradual social and political changes in women’s status and empowerment in twentieth-century Britain. The story of Pygmalion and Galatea has been reproduced for centuries, producing a variety of female creatures. In particular, Eliza Doolittle, impoverished yet strong-minded young female protagonist, in Shaw’s Pygmalion and Rita (whose real name is Susan), the working-class hairdresser with an aspiration for a better life through education, in Russell’s Educating Rita are worth noting in that the two women suggest the possibility of a new direction for the creation narrative. Most importantly, the two modern adaptations break the silence of Galatea, which was distinct in the ancient myth, and instead give convincing voices to each of the Galatea figures (Eliza and Rita). In the end, their pursuit of self-realization leads to their independence and freedom to choose their path ahead, through a combination of crucial help from their tutors, or the Pygmalion figures (Shaw’s Professor Higgins and Russell’s Frank), and each female character’s own self-reflection and self-awareness. This study contextualizes each of these women’s newly earned independence in the context of feminism in the early and late twentieth-century British society. As if responding to the development of feminism, Shaw and Russell introduce the improvement of women’s status and the subversion of the creator''s power in their adaptations. However, their rewritings point out the existence of a dominantly patriarchal society that still restrains women. The comparative study leads to the conclusion that Shaw’s and Russell’s dramatic rewritings of the Pygmalion myth are significant in potently reflecting and representing the changes in gender equality while showing the limitations in British society.