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Recently, one of the political discussions is the transfer of the administrative capital in Korea. The transfer of the capital in the ancient society was investigated in three ways to obtain the historical prospect of the discussion.
First one is the conditions for the decision of the capital. The formation of the ancient country and the development of the city were inseparably related. In a city, there were phenomena such as the convergence of population, the development of exchange, and the appearance of conflict, and the state was founded to govern these phenomena. The conditions of the capital were economical factor and military one, and in the capital with these conditions, government and religious facilities were located.
Second one is the causes of the transfer of capital. The transfer of capital was an politically important matter which moved not only the residence of the king but also the sacred place for ancestors. There were two reasons for the transfer of the capital in the ancient society: the former was the planned transfer of the capital by discords of domestic political parties and the latter was the unavoidable transfer of the capital by international wars. Koguryo's transfer(A.D 427) of the capital and Baekje's one(A.D 538) were the former and the others were the latter.
The last one is effects of the transfer of the capital. The effects of the transfer of the capital were different according to the causes. Firstly, the transfer of the capital by international factors caused the changes of international relationships. Secondly, the transfer of the capital by domestic factors caused consolidation of political system and changes of political parties: they strengthened the kingship. The last important effect of the transfer of the capital was the foundation of new capital. The capital system of China was accepted and it indicated actual circumstances of the cultural currents in the East Asia.
First one is the conditions for the decision of the capital. The formation of the ancient country and the development of the city were inseparably related. In a city, there were phenomena such as the convergence of population, the development of exchange, and the appearance of conflict, and the state was founded to govern these phenomena. The conditions of the capital were economical factor and military one, and in the capital with these conditions, government and religious facilities were located.
Second one is the causes of the transfer of capital. The transfer of capital was an politically important matter which moved not only the residence of the king but also the sacred place for ancestors. There were two reasons for the transfer of the capital in the ancient society: the former was the planned transfer of the capital by discords of domestic political parties and the latter was the unavoidable transfer of the capital by international wars. Koguryo's transfer(A.D 427) of the capital and Baekje's one(A.D 538) were the former and the others were the latter.
The last one is effects of the transfer of the capital. The effects of the transfer of the capital were different according to the causes. Firstly, the transfer of the capital by international factors caused the changes of international relationships. Secondly, the transfer of the capital by domestic factors caused consolidation of political system and changes of political parties: they strengthened the kingship. The last important effect of the transfer of the capital was the foundation of new capital. The capital system of China was accepted and it indicated actual circumstances of the cultural currents in the East Asia.
목차
Ⅰ. 定都의 조건
Ⅱ. 遷都의 원인
Ⅲ. 遷都의 영향
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