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초록· 키워드
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In 1848, France was the first country in history to introduce universal suffrage exclusively and ‘naturally’ reserved for men. However, French women could obtain the suffrage almost one century later by order of the provisional government in Alger. This was far behind other Western countries which granted the female suffrage just after the first World War. This backwardness was due to the parliamentary resistance, especially that of the Senate.
In this article I studied the way in which female suffrage was presented and discussed in the French Parliament. On the basis of the bills, the reports, and the discussions of the Parliament, I also examined how the suffragists and anti-suffragists developed their arguments.
First, the suffragists referred to the natural right, justice, equality and democracy in asking for female suffrage. In addition, they put forward a utilitarian argument, saying that the society would profit from the women’s participation in politics. To justify their opposition, the conservatives claimed the so called ‘natural differences’ between men and women. In fact, they could not admit women in the political sphere which they considered as exclusively reserved for men. The republicans, even if they agreed in principle, refused to allow female suffrage on the grounds that it was not a politically proper time. The radicals claimed that they feared the clerical influence on women, but what they really feared was to lose elections because of the women’s participation in politics. Since internal and external situations became more strained in the 1930’s, female suffrage could not be granted by parliamentary reform. In spite of the differences in political ideas, the two great establishments of the parliament agreed to refuse the female suffrage. Consequently, French women suffered a ‘strange defeat’.
In this article I studied the way in which female suffrage was presented and discussed in the French Parliament. On the basis of the bills, the reports, and the discussions of the Parliament, I also examined how the suffragists and anti-suffragists developed their arguments.
First, the suffragists referred to the natural right, justice, equality and democracy in asking for female suffrage. In addition, they put forward a utilitarian argument, saying that the society would profit from the women’s participation in politics. To justify their opposition, the conservatives claimed the so called ‘natural differences’ between men and women. In fact, they could not admit women in the political sphere which they considered as exclusively reserved for men. The republicans, even if they agreed in principle, refused to allow female suffrage on the grounds that it was not a politically proper time. The radicals claimed that they feared the clerical influence on women, but what they really feared was to lose elections because of the women’s participation in politics. Since internal and external situations became more strained in the 1930’s, female suffrage could not be granted by parliamentary reform. In spite of the differences in political ideas, the two great establishments of the parliament agreed to refuse the female suffrage. Consequently, French women suffered a ‘strange defeat’.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 여성참정권 법률안의 의회 제출과 심의
Ⅲ. 여성참정권 찬성론자와 반대론자의 논거
Ⅳ. 맺음말
불문 초록
영문 초록
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