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초록· 키워드
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Economic power is the essential factor to determine women's social status.
It was only after around 1930 that China enacted laws that gave women the rights to work and to inherit properties.
Following this change, women came to have various jobs; some ended up as manual laborers such as factory girls, prostitutes, and maids while others served as mental workers like lawyers, teachers, doctors, nurses. and accountants. In addition, women also worked as waitresses, office girls, shopgirls, typists, police women and actresses. The expansion of the availability of jobs for women came in tandem with modernization of China.
In this paper, I would examine the world of Chinese women's works during about a century from the opening of Chinese ports to foreign countries to the founding of the People' Republic of China. More specifically, this study would inspect types and conditions of Chinese women's work, social recognition of their work and the social change resulting from the increased entry of women into public affairs.
The women and labor issues were regarded as the two most important social problems at the close of 19th century and the early 20th century in China and both would be dealt with in this study.
As observed in this paper, women could remarkably expand their domain of jobs as they heightened their educational levels. Yet, the percentage of working women was still low. It was 1-9% varying from region to region. Furthermore, many jobs, were limited to non-married women except for such professions as doctors and professors. In fact, the vast majority of the working women were unskilled laborer of so-called secondary labour markets and most of the rest served as maids. And, even these laborers and maids often resorted to becoming prostitutes.
Because of the narrow labour market and the lack of business even for educated women, women were not passionate about getting their professions. Office girls were called 'flower vases', and women who married men of high social standing by taking advantage of their certificates of graduation from universities were called 'empress of college'.
Likewise, the status of working women in early 20th century China was still in its 'infancy level' according to an intellectual at those time.
Despite such limitation, however, women did improve their social status at home and in society through their increased economic activities. Those married working women came to have more voice In society, and unmarried working women got more autonomy in marriage and other matters.
The advent and growth of the working women brought about a change in ideology then. Even though the majority of Chinese failed to break from the convention, I assert that sprouts of change have always been started from minority!
It was only after around 1930 that China enacted laws that gave women the rights to work and to inherit properties.
Following this change, women came to have various jobs; some ended up as manual laborers such as factory girls, prostitutes, and maids while others served as mental workers like lawyers, teachers, doctors, nurses. and accountants. In addition, women also worked as waitresses, office girls, shopgirls, typists, police women and actresses. The expansion of the availability of jobs for women came in tandem with modernization of China.
In this paper, I would examine the world of Chinese women's works during about a century from the opening of Chinese ports to foreign countries to the founding of the People' Republic of China. More specifically, this study would inspect types and conditions of Chinese women's work, social recognition of their work and the social change resulting from the increased entry of women into public affairs.
The women and labor issues were regarded as the two most important social problems at the close of 19th century and the early 20th century in China and both would be dealt with in this study.
As observed in this paper, women could remarkably expand their domain of jobs as they heightened their educational levels. Yet, the percentage of working women was still low. It was 1-9% varying from region to region. Furthermore, many jobs, were limited to non-married women except for such professions as doctors and professors. In fact, the vast majority of the working women were unskilled laborer of so-called secondary labour markets and most of the rest served as maids. And, even these laborers and maids often resorted to becoming prostitutes.
Because of the narrow labour market and the lack of business even for educated women, women were not passionate about getting their professions. Office girls were called 'flower vases', and women who married men of high social standing by taking advantage of their certificates of graduation from universities were called 'empress of college'.
Likewise, the status of working women in early 20th century China was still in its 'infancy level' according to an intellectual at those time.
Despite such limitation, however, women did improve their social status at home and in society through their increased economic activities. Those married working women came to have more voice In society, and unmarried working women got more autonomy in marriage and other matters.
The advent and growth of the working women brought about a change in ideology then. Even though the majority of Chinese failed to break from the convention, I assert that sprouts of change have always been started from minority!
목차
Ⅰ. 들어가며
Ⅱ. 근대 이전 중국 여성의 직업
Ⅲ. 근대 중국 여성직업의 유형
Ⅳ. 주요 여성직업과 그 세계
Ⅴ. 역풍, 그리고 한계
Ⅵ. 마치며: 여성의 경제활동은 사회적 지위를 제고하였는가
참고문헌 (20)
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