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This study analyzes the organizational structure of the Headquarters of the Korean Independence Army(光復軍司令部) established by the Korean Provisional Government and of the General Camp of the Korean Independence Army(光復軍總營) set up in Western Gando (間島, Jiandao) in July and August of 1920 respectively, as well as the relationship that existed between these two entities. To this end, a review of the relationship between the Korean Provisional Government's military policy, its Kando Policy, and the independence groups operating in Western Kando is conducted. In accordance with these results. a thorough analysis of the structure and actual features of the Headquarters of the Korean Independence Army and of its General Camp in Western Kando was in turn carried out.
The Headquarters of the Korean Independence Army was a local command post set up under the Minister of Defense of the Provisional Government in Shanghai in August 1920. This structure was established in keeping with the latter's desired goal of integrating the Gando-based Korean Youth Corps(大韓靑年團聯合會, Daehan cheongnyeondan yeonhaphoe) and Korean Independence Corps(大韓獨立團, Daehan Dongnipdan) with the Uiyongdan operating out of Korea. This new body was originally designed as part of the Provisional Government's Gando Policy and as part of the Provisional Government's new military structure. The Gando Policy established by the Provisional Government. which had been preparing for the eventual war of independence since the end of 1919, was designed to separate military and civil affairs in the Western and Northern areas of Gando and N Noryeong(露領), while retaining overall government control over these areas. In turn, the Provisional Government's new military system was designed to separate the army groups operating within these areas into a Western Gando Militia. Northern Gando Militia, and Eastern Gando Militia, with all of these forces integrated under a local headquarters. However, as the Provisional Government failed to negotiate an agreement with the Hanjokhoe(韓族會) in Western Gando, it proceeded to organize its local headquarters around the independence groups which were concentrated solely in the Andong(安東, Dandong) area. On the other hand, the General Camp of the Korean Independence Army was established in Western Gando on July 1, 1920, or one month prior to the establishment of the Provisional Government, under the guises of the Korea Liberation Corps(光復團, Gwangbokdan), which made the decision to do so in the aftermath of the 2nd Session of the Korean Youth Corps held in April 1920.
Thereafter, the activities of the Korean Liberation Corps in Western Gando were carried out under the name of the General Camp of the Korean Independence Army, which was in actuality the local headquarters of the Provisional Government's Ministry of Defense in Western Gando. Therefore. the Headquarters of the Korean Independence Army and the General Camp of the Korean Independence Army were in fact both local headquarters of the Ministry of Defense that had been established in Western Gando. The only difference was in the composition of the main actors involved in their establishment. The Daehan Gwangbokgun chamnibu(大韓光復軍參里部, constabulary force) established during this same period was another agency which was under the direct control of the Ministry of Defense.
Although the General Camp of the Korean Independence Army was set up as the Ministry of Defense's local headquarters in Western Gando, there remains some doubt as to whether the Ministry actually exercised control over this body or not. Internal and external crises during this period greatly reduced the Provisional Government's ability to exercise its leadership over independence army units in Western Gando. As a result, the General Camp of the Korean Independence Army was in likelihood only nominally under the control of the Ministry of Defense. In reality, it carried out its own independent activities. This assertion is supported by the fact that the General Camp of the Korean Independence Army reorganized itself into the Daehan tonguibu(大韓統義府), a conglomeration of independence army units in Western Gando in August 1922, without bothering to discuss the issue with the Provisional Government.
Based on the above-mentioned facts, existing studies' conclusions that the Headquarters of the Korean Independence Army was in fact the result of the integration of the Hanjokhoe, Korean Youth Corps, Korean Liberation Corps(大韓獨立團) in Western Gando in February 1920, while the Daehan gwangbokgun chamnibu was an administrative agency for the residents in Northern and Southern Manchuria, and that the General Camp of the Korean Independence Army was organized by O Dongjin after the dismantlement of the Headquarters of the Korean Independence Army, would in fact appear to be erroneous.
The Headquarters of the Korean Independence Army was a local command post set up under the Minister of Defense of the Provisional Government in Shanghai in August 1920. This structure was established in keeping with the latter's desired goal of integrating the Gando-based Korean Youth Corps(大韓靑年團聯合會, Daehan cheongnyeondan yeonhaphoe) and Korean Independence Corps(大韓獨立團, Daehan Dongnipdan) with the Uiyongdan operating out of Korea. This new body was originally designed as part of the Provisional Government's Gando Policy and as part of the Provisional Government's new military structure. The Gando Policy established by the Provisional Government. which had been preparing for the eventual war of independence since the end of 1919, was designed to separate military and civil affairs in the Western and Northern areas of Gando and N Noryeong(露領), while retaining overall government control over these areas. In turn, the Provisional Government's new military system was designed to separate the army groups operating within these areas into a Western Gando Militia. Northern Gando Militia, and Eastern Gando Militia, with all of these forces integrated under a local headquarters. However, as the Provisional Government failed to negotiate an agreement with the Hanjokhoe(韓族會) in Western Gando, it proceeded to organize its local headquarters around the independence groups which were concentrated solely in the Andong(安東, Dandong) area. On the other hand, the General Camp of the Korean Independence Army was established in Western Gando on July 1, 1920, or one month prior to the establishment of the Provisional Government, under the guises of the Korea Liberation Corps(光復團, Gwangbokdan), which made the decision to do so in the aftermath of the 2nd Session of the Korean Youth Corps held in April 1920.
Thereafter, the activities of the Korean Liberation Corps in Western Gando were carried out under the name of the General Camp of the Korean Independence Army, which was in actuality the local headquarters of the Provisional Government's Ministry of Defense in Western Gando. Therefore. the Headquarters of the Korean Independence Army and the General Camp of the Korean Independence Army were in fact both local headquarters of the Ministry of Defense that had been established in Western Gando. The only difference was in the composition of the main actors involved in their establishment. The Daehan Gwangbokgun chamnibu(大韓光復軍參里部, constabulary force) established during this same period was another agency which was under the direct control of the Ministry of Defense.
Although the General Camp of the Korean Independence Army was set up as the Ministry of Defense's local headquarters in Western Gando, there remains some doubt as to whether the Ministry actually exercised control over this body or not. Internal and external crises during this period greatly reduced the Provisional Government's ability to exercise its leadership over independence army units in Western Gando. As a result, the General Camp of the Korean Independence Army was in likelihood only nominally under the control of the Ministry of Defense. In reality, it carried out its own independent activities. This assertion is supported by the fact that the General Camp of the Korean Independence Army reorganized itself into the Daehan tonguibu(大韓統義府), a conglomeration of independence army units in Western Gando in August 1922, without bothering to discuss the issue with the Provisional Government.
Based on the above-mentioned facts, existing studies' conclusions that the Headquarters of the Korean Independence Army was in fact the result of the integration of the Hanjokhoe, Korean Youth Corps, Korean Liberation Corps(大韓獨立團) in Western Gando in February 1920, while the Daehan gwangbokgun chamnibu was an administrative agency for the residents in Northern and Southern Manchuria, and that the General Camp of the Korean Independence Army was organized by O Dongjin after the dismantlement of the Headquarters of the Korean Independence Army, would in fact appear to be erroneous.
#서간도
#지방사령부
#대한광복군사령부
#대한광복군총영
#대한광복군참리부
#광복단
#대간도정책
#대한민국육군임시군구제
#독립저쟁
#오동진
#Western Gando
#local headquarters
#Headquarters of the Korean Independence Army
#General Camp of the Korean Independence Army
#Daehan Gwangbokgun chamnibu
#Gwangbokdan
#Gando policy
#the Provisional Government's new military structure
#Independence War
#O Donqjin
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 임시정부의 초기 군사정책과 지방사령부
Ⅲ. 대한광복군사령부의 조직 과정과 실체
Ⅳ. 대한광복군총영의 조직과 실체
Ⅴ. 맺음말
〈ABSTRACT〉
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2010-911-002272209