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This paper aims to introduce the nationalism discourses in contemporary China and examine China's perception of East Asia that these discourses reflect. Nationalism, along with neo-conservatism, is a keyword to understanding China's contemporary ideological trends. A fun-fledged nationalism discourse in China did not begin until Deng Xiaoping's decision to open up China to capitalism, symbolized by his 1992 inspection tour of southern China. If the early modern period saw the coupling of nationalism with socialism, there was a coupling of nationalism with conservatism after the reform and opening.
The task of understanding China's perception of East Asia in Chinese nationalism started not out of a desire to learn its substance and characteristic features but from the following question: why does China, unlike Japan, lack a discourse on Asia? It is curious why China has been without a notable discourse on Asia since the fall of the Chinese empire a century ago. This is all the more curious now given that China reigns as a dominant power in East Asia. I cautiously propose that China does not necessarily lack a discourse on East Asia but that such a discourse exists in a Sinicized form. That is, China's nationalism discourse has emerged as an ideology determining the internal and external characteristics of China as a nation-state, taking socialism's place amidst the changing post-Cold-War international climate. Chinese intellectuals are inherently disposed to the idea of "East Asia in China" rather than "China in East Asia." China's rise as a major economic power in the 21st-centuryonly strengthen this tendency.
Among the six strains of nationalism this paper will discuss, anti-Western nationalism and tianxia nationalism emerged from the internalization of China's rising economic status and the traditional Chinese view that East Asia is a part of China. The first similarity these two forms of nationalism share is that the West is designated as China's counterpart. The problem with anti-Western nationalism and tianxia nationalism is that they position China against the West without incorporating democratic values or an East Asian consensus. That being the case, their resistance against the Western value system lacks credibility.
For an East Asian impetus, China should alter its outlook from "East Asia in China" to "China in East Asia." To these ends, China must first go through the process of self-objectification. Sun Yat-sen's rule of right, which lacks self-awareness, holds no relevance in 21st-century East Asia. It is because East Asia is no longer a random collection of "peripheries" it is a "region. "Without a change in outlook, Chinese nationalism will not be able to garner domestic or overseas support.
The task of understanding China's perception of East Asia in Chinese nationalism started not out of a desire to learn its substance and characteristic features but from the following question: why does China, unlike Japan, lack a discourse on Asia? It is curious why China has been without a notable discourse on Asia since the fall of the Chinese empire a century ago. This is all the more curious now given that China reigns as a dominant power in East Asia. I cautiously propose that China does not necessarily lack a discourse on East Asia but that such a discourse exists in a Sinicized form. That is, China's nationalism discourse has emerged as an ideology determining the internal and external characteristics of China as a nation-state, taking socialism's place amidst the changing post-Cold-War international climate. Chinese intellectuals are inherently disposed to the idea of "East Asia in China" rather than "China in East Asia." China's rise as a major economic power in the 21st-centuryonly strengthen this tendency.
Among the six strains of nationalism this paper will discuss, anti-Western nationalism and tianxia nationalism emerged from the internalization of China's rising economic status and the traditional Chinese view that East Asia is a part of China. The first similarity these two forms of nationalism share is that the West is designated as China's counterpart. The problem with anti-Western nationalism and tianxia nationalism is that they position China against the West without incorporating democratic values or an East Asian consensus. That being the case, their resistance against the Western value system lacks credibility.
For an East Asian impetus, China should alter its outlook from "East Asia in China" to "China in East Asia." To these ends, China must first go through the process of self-objectification. Sun Yat-sen's rule of right, which lacks self-awareness, holds no relevance in 21st-century East Asia. It is because East Asia is no longer a random collection of "peripheries" it is a "region. "Without a change in outlook, Chinese nationalism will not be able to garner domestic or overseas support.
목차
1. 현대 중국 민족주의의 아포리아
2. 중국 민족주의 담론의 내용과 쟁점
3. 민족주의 담론 속의 동아시아 인식과 비판
4. 중국의 민족주의와 민주주의: 21세기적 왕도의 모색
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