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초록· 키워드
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The legend that Kija(箕子) moved to joseon(朝鮮) in the transition period to Sangju was first recorded in 『Sangseodaejeon(尙書大傳)』compiled in Seohan period, and has been left as an unsettled question until now even after two thousand years have passed since then.
Researches on Kijajoseon(箕子朝鮮) have recently been conducted in various fields such as literature, tortoise carapaces(甲骨文), bronze letters (金文), and archeology. This article examines the actual status of chief researches and main issues regarding the existence of Kijajoseon and proposes follow-up tasks for it rather than suggesting new opinion on it. There are four points which should be taken notice of for the following researches on Kijajoseon afterwards.
First, this paper deals with the issue of bibliographic study on Kijajoseon. Presently, Chinese studies expose a limitation that they accept Kija and Kija joseonseol as they are written in literatures without criticizing the historical records. In Korean studies, bibliographic study has been somewhat stagnated perhaps because of the recognition that Kija dongnaeseol was made up in after ages. However, because most of the records on Kojoseon (古朝鮮) are associated with Kija, bibliographic researches should be constantly carried out through the acute criticism of the historic materials. Moreover, when conducting studies on the recognition of Kijajoseon, researchers should not too much focus on joseon period they have abundant data of but try to clarify the process that Kija joseonseol was being established before joseon period.
Second, this study will consider the issue of bronze ware related to Gi people which seems to be associated with Kija. Gihu Bangjeong(?侯方鼎) unearthed in Gaekzoahyeon(喀左縣) of Liao-xi area is a crucial material that can prove Kija dongnaeseol which cannot be verified by the documents of his time since it was made in Shang and early Zhou period(商末周初) when Kija was active and was discovered in the northeastern area which is the east to which Kija supposedly came. Although the vessels of Gi(?器) were excavated in various regions including Henan, Hebei, Shandong, and Shaanxi, advanced researches have investigated only the case of Gihu Bangjeong and have tried to define its significance limitedly. Therefore, it will be necessary to examine the present status of excavating the vessels of Gi in various areas and try to understand the gravity of Gihu Bangjeong among them hereafter.
Third, it considers the issue regarding the characteristics of the relics of Sangju in Liao-xi. Previous researches have tended to simply determine that the places where the relics were excavated belong to the territory. However, it is required to examine more deliberately if such relics came in along with the move of the immigrants of Sangju or the relics were transmitted to that area without them. Furthermore, it is also needed to figure out the characteristics of the relics by investigating the relics found around storing pits and comparing them with other relics unearthed from other areas.
Fourth, this thesis will also deal with the issue of Kojoseon and the international circumstances of the time. Records on Kija dongnaeseol are based on the premise that Kojoseon was present already then. Thus, the question of Kijajoseon cannot be settled in separation of Kojoseon. The reason this issue has not been solved up to now for long is that the academic circles of Kojoseon have not cleared up their position of Kojoseon until now. In order to answer the question of Kijajoseon, it is necessary to settle the questions of Kojoseon’s foundation year and territory beforehand. To accomplish this, researches on the Bronze Age culture in Liao-xi and Liao-ning which are strongly believed as the initial seat of government in Kojoseon should be conducted continuously.
If it is true that Kija moved to Kojoseon, he must have passed Yeon (燕) in Peking region and Gojukguk(孤竹國) in Luan He River. Accordingly, in order to prove the existence of Kijajoseon and Kija dongnaeseol, researchers should approach this question in a larger frame of the Northeast Asian circumstances in those days.
Researches on Kijajoseon(箕子朝鮮) have recently been conducted in various fields such as literature, tortoise carapaces(甲骨文), bronze letters (金文), and archeology. This article examines the actual status of chief researches and main issues regarding the existence of Kijajoseon and proposes follow-up tasks for it rather than suggesting new opinion on it. There are four points which should be taken notice of for the following researches on Kijajoseon afterwards.
First, this paper deals with the issue of bibliographic study on Kijajoseon. Presently, Chinese studies expose a limitation that they accept Kija and Kija joseonseol as they are written in literatures without criticizing the historical records. In Korean studies, bibliographic study has been somewhat stagnated perhaps because of the recognition that Kija dongnaeseol was made up in after ages. However, because most of the records on Kojoseon (古朝鮮) are associated with Kija, bibliographic researches should be constantly carried out through the acute criticism of the historic materials. Moreover, when conducting studies on the recognition of Kijajoseon, researchers should not too much focus on joseon period they have abundant data of but try to clarify the process that Kija joseonseol was being established before joseon period.
Second, this study will consider the issue of bronze ware related to Gi people which seems to be associated with Kija. Gihu Bangjeong(?侯方鼎) unearthed in Gaekzoahyeon(喀左縣) of Liao-xi area is a crucial material that can prove Kija dongnaeseol which cannot be verified by the documents of his time since it was made in Shang and early Zhou period(商末周初) when Kija was active and was discovered in the northeastern area which is the east to which Kija supposedly came. Although the vessels of Gi(?器) were excavated in various regions including Henan, Hebei, Shandong, and Shaanxi, advanced researches have investigated only the case of Gihu Bangjeong and have tried to define its significance limitedly. Therefore, it will be necessary to examine the present status of excavating the vessels of Gi in various areas and try to understand the gravity of Gihu Bangjeong among them hereafter.
Third, it considers the issue regarding the characteristics of the relics of Sangju in Liao-xi. Previous researches have tended to simply determine that the places where the relics were excavated belong to the territory. However, it is required to examine more deliberately if such relics came in along with the move of the immigrants of Sangju or the relics were transmitted to that area without them. Furthermore, it is also needed to figure out the characteristics of the relics by investigating the relics found around storing pits and comparing them with other relics unearthed from other areas.
Fourth, this thesis will also deal with the issue of Kojoseon and the international circumstances of the time. Records on Kija dongnaeseol are based on the premise that Kojoseon was present already then. Thus, the question of Kijajoseon cannot be settled in separation of Kojoseon. The reason this issue has not been solved up to now for long is that the academic circles of Kojoseon have not cleared up their position of Kojoseon until now. In order to answer the question of Kijajoseon, it is necessary to settle the questions of Kojoseon’s foundation year and territory beforehand. To accomplish this, researches on the Bronze Age culture in Liao-xi and Liao-ning which are strongly believed as the initial seat of government in Kojoseon should be conducted continuously.
If it is true that Kija moved to Kojoseon, he must have passed Yeon (燕) in Peking region and Gojukguk(孤竹國) in Luan He River. Accordingly, in order to prove the existence of Kijajoseon and Kija dongnaeseol, researchers should approach this question in a larger frame of the Northeast Asian circumstances in those days.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 기자동래설의 형성
Ⅲ. 근대 이후의 기자조선 연구
Ⅳ. 기자조선 연구의 쟁점
Ⅴ. 맺음말
〈참고문헌〉
〈Abstract〉
참고문헌 (63)
참고문헌 신청
1. [단행본] - 徐榮洙 / 1988 / 고조선의 위치와 강역 In: 한국사 시민강좌 2 / 일조각
2. [학술대회논문] - 徐榮洙 / 2006 / 동북공정의 고조선･부여 연구 결과에 대한 평가 In: 중국의 동북공정 연구 성과에 대한 분석과 평가 / 고구려연구회 특별기획 학술발표 자료집
3. [단행본] - 徐榮洙 / 1994 / 東夷와 예맥은 어떤 민족인가 In: 역사산책 19 / 범우사
4. [학술지(정기간행물)] - 篠原啓方 / 2008 / 중국 학계의 韓國上古史 인식- 古朝鮮史ㆍ夫餘史를 중심으로 - / 선사와 고대 29 (29) : 61 ~ 105
5. [단행본] - 沈㬂俊 / 1965 / 箕子東來與否와 기후에 대하여 In: 淑大史論 2 / 淑明女子大學校史學科
2. [학술대회논문] - 徐榮洙 / 2006 / 동북공정의 고조선･부여 연구 결과에 대한 평가 In: 중국의 동북공정 연구 성과에 대한 분석과 평가 / 고구려연구회 특별기획 학술발표 자료집
3. [단행본] - 徐榮洙 / 1994 / 東夷와 예맥은 어떤 민족인가 In: 역사산책 19 / 범우사
4. [학술지(정기간행물)] - 篠原啓方 / 2008 / 중국 학계의 韓國上古史 인식- 古朝鮮史ㆍ夫餘史를 중심으로 - / 선사와 고대 29 (29) : 61 ~ 105
5. [단행본] - 沈㬂俊 / 1965 / 箕子東來與否와 기후에 대하여 In: 淑大史論 2 / 淑明女子大學校史學科
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