2010년 충청남도 태안군 근흥면 마도 인근해역에서 고려시대 침몰선 마도2호선이 발굴되었는데, 화물의 운송표로 쓰인 목간이 다량 나왔다. 마도2호선 목간은 총 58점인데 이 중 17점에 대한 판독과 형태 · 내용별로 분류하고, 목간 내용을 통해 마도2호선의 편년과 화물의 성격을 고찰하였다. 마도2호선 목간 형태는 크게 홈의 유무에 따라 분류할 수 있는데, 홈이 목간의 윗부분에 있는 것이 대부분인데, 홈의 위치가 중간 또는 아랫부분에 있는 것도 있다. 끈을 묶기 위해 판 홈이기 때문에 위치가 그다지 중요하지는 않았다. 특이한 것은 홈은 없고 끝이 뾰족하게 다듬어져 있는 목간인데 볏섬 등에 꽂아서 사용한 것으로 보인다. 마도2호선 목간 내용은 ① 수취인 ② 발송지(발송자) ③ 화물종류와 수량 ④ 포장단위로 이루어져 있는데, 목간에 따라 적힌 것이 다르지만 운송관계에서 가장 중요한 수신자와 화물종류와 수량 등은 특수한 경우를 제외하고는 모두 적혀 있다. 수신자는 개경에 있는 관직자다. 大卿 庾, 奇 牽龍, □郎中, 別將 (鄭)元卿, 校尉 黃(仁俊), 重房 都 將校 吳文富 등 實職을 지닌 사람이 대부분이다. 이외에도 別將同正 尹□珍 등 散職을 지닌 사람도 있다. 발송지는 현재까지는 茂松縣만 확인 가능하다. 발신자는 次知 또는 使者라고 적혀 있는데 姓이 적혀 있지 않고 이름만 적힌 점, 宅上이라는 용어가 나타난 것으로 보아 수취인보다는 하위 계층으로, 수취인이 개인적으로 부리는 사람으로 추정했다. 화물은 太, 白米, 中米, 米 등의 곡물류가 주류를 이루고 있으며, 이외에도 精蜜과 卵?가 있다. 곡물류는 ‘○石入○斗’로 액체류인 卵?는 마도1호선 목간과 마찬가지로 ‘○缸(各)入○斗’로 수량과 포장 단위를 적어 정확성을 기했다. 다음으로 ‘李克?’가 적힌 목간을 중심으로 마도2호선에 대한 편년을 시도했다. 李克?는 高宗代 추밀원부사와 평장사를 지낸 인물이다. 그의 활동시기를 전후하여 무송현, 장사현, 고부군과 연관성이 높고, 大卿이라는 벼슬을 지낸 마도2호선 목간의 大卿庾가 庾資諒임을 밝혔다. 또한 庾資諒의 관력과 致 仕시기, 함께 발굴한 도자기를 살펴보면 마도2호선은 1208년의 마도1호선과 거의 비슷하거나 약간 앞선 시기다. 마지막으로 마도2호선에 실린 대부분의 화물인 田出 곡식은 수취인이 다양하고, 발송자가 개인으로 나타나는 점, 次知와 使者라는 용어를 통해 地代라는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 매병에 담긴 꿀은 최고 권력기관인 중방에 소속된 오문부에게 사적인 선물(또는 뇌물)로 보낸 것이라고 생각한다.
A mass number of wooden tablets inscribed with records of shipments on board were excavated from wreckage of a vessel identified as Mado II off the coast of Mado Island, Geunhung-myeon, Taean-gun, South Chungcheon Province, in 2010. This paper deciphered and categorized 17 of a total of 58 tablets by shape and contents before identifying the chronicles of the Mado II and the nature of goods onboard.
Existence of a groove on the surface of the tablets can be used to classify the tablets by their shape. The groove exists on most tablets, and some tablets were discovered for the first time to have the grooves on the middle or bottom part of the tablets. However, the exact location of the groove was not considered significant since the purpose of the groove was simply to fasten strings. Notable fact was the discovery of tablets without a groove and whose tips were sharpened that are presumed to have been used pinned into rice sacks.
As for content, the tablets included information of i) recipient, ii) origin of shipment (sender), ii) types and quantities of goods, and iv) package unit. Although the descriptions varied from tablet to tablet, all tablets were inscribed with critical shipment information including the identity of the re-cipient and type and quantity of goods excluding a few exceptions.
The tablets were addressed to government officials located in Gae-kyung, then capital, most of whom were authenticated to have served actual administrative positions based on descriptions of Daekyung Yu, Ki Gunryong(Royal Guard), Byuljang(Middle-ranking Military Nobleman) (Jung) Wonkyung, Kyowi(Low-ranking Military Nobleman) Hwang (Injun), and Jungbang(Highest Military Executive Council) Dojangkyo(Low-ranking Military Nobleman) Munbu Oh. There were also a few recipients who were non-active officials such as Byuljang Dongjung Yoon □Jin. As for the origin of the shipments, Musong-hyun is the only geographical location identified to date. Considering that senders were identified only by their first names accompanied by titles as Chaji (butler) or Saja (mes-senger) without family names and the use of expression, ‘offered to the honorable[宅上] Mr. X’, it is presumed that the senders were of a lower class in servitude of the recipients.
Goods onboard were mostly grains including beans, polished rice, half-polished rice, and unpolished rice, but there were also fine quality honey and salted fish roe. Tablets were recorded with detailed quantity and package units for accuracy as in X number of suk(石) and X number of du.(斗) Salted roe that were considered liquid in nature were marked as X units of hang(缸) and X units of du like the tablets excavated from Mado I.
In addition, this paper attempted to chronicle the history of the Mado II using the wooden tablets that included the identity of Geukseo Lee who served as a high-ranking official for Chumilwon (an executive council) and as Pyeongjangsa for King Go-Jong. Based on his service years and relevance to areas of Musong-hyun, Jangsa-hyun, and Gobun-gun, the identity of the person who served as Daekyung and only referred as Yu was determined to be Jaryang Yu. The records of service years of both Yu and Lee as well as potteries excavated from the wreckage are considered sufficient evidence that puts the timeline of the Mado II roughly at the same time or slightly prior to the Mado I.
Lastly, it was also concluded that grains shipped onboard the Mado II were rent payment based on the fact that they were addressed to different recipients, the senders are clearly identified, and the terms such as Chaji and Saja were used. Honey stored in Meiping is deemed to have been sent as personal gift (or bribe) to Munbu Oh of Jungbang, the highest military executive council.