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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
림수진 (콜리마대학교)
저널정보
한국라틴아메리카학회 라틴아메리카연구 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.28 No.1
발행연도
2015.2
수록면
97 - 124 (28page)

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This article talks about the clash between the Costa Rican “white” racial myth and a city named Limon, known as a “black” city, located on the Atlantic coast of the country. Throughout the colonial period, Costa Rica was isolated from taking part in any economic activity organized by Europe. This was due to three main reasons: first, Costa Rica did not have gold or silver mines to catch the Europeans’ attention; second, there was a lack of labor force due to the absence of aboriginals; and third, there were not adequate geographical conditions for maintaining plantations on a large scale. Hence, when Costa Rica gained its independence, the country was allowed to begin its new history without inheriting some of the consequences of colonialism, such as a mestizo population of European, black and indigenous peoples. Costa Rica was actually far less mestizo when compared to other Latin American countries. The country chose to distinguish itself from others by searching for a national identity based on the “pure blood” of white Europeans. In the early 19th century, there population was at the scant level of 150,000 with most engaged in coffee production in the central valley area. In this situation, the scarcity of labor force became a serious problem when the country planned to build a railroad that connected the Atlantic coast with San Jose, the capital. Ultimately, when the railroad project was initiated, Costa Rica had to import laborers from populations of African descendants, who had already dedicated themselves to railroad construction in various Latin American countries after emancipations from slavery in the Caribbean. This in turn threatened the “white” myth that Costa Ricans held, claiming themselves as descendants of Europeans instead of mestizo peoples. Thus, this circumstance provoked a partly xenophobic reaction from the Costa Rican people in regards to the arrival of African-descended Caribbean laborers. This reaction was characterized by discrimination and isolation of blacks. In the process, a city of mostly black inhabitants began to form. This city is called Limon and is known among the “white” Costa Rican population as the “black city”. This article analyzes the characteristics generated by these processes in the context of discrimination, exclusion, and alliances among black peoples on an international level.

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ABSTRACT
서론
검은도시 리몽의 탄생
순혈주의와 검은도시의 충돌
검은도시와 순혈주의 충돌이 만들어낸 공간적 성격
결론: 여전히 검은 도시, 리몽의 인구 구성 단면
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