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초록· 키워드
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Examined in this article are certain changes that occurred in terms of military strategies in the early days of Joseon. Understanding of them would most definitely prove useful in the task of analyzing how the early Joseon military institution was actually formalized. In order to determine what kind of discussions concerning military operations and theoretical suggestions prompted such changes in military strategies, the text called 『O’wi Jinbeob(五衛陣法)』 is examined here in an effort to clarify the ultimate direction that would have been taken in early Joseon strategies.
The Joseon government was very much interested in establishing its own military institution. And one of the areas the government particularly concentrated its efforts on was the publication of military strategic manuals (“Jinbeob-so, 陣法書”). Jeong Do-jeon(鄭道傳)’s manual 『Jinbeob(陣法)』, which is the oldest strategy manual that remains today, contained basic theories of military operations as well as contents lifted from ancient Chinese strategy manuals. Unfortunately, much of them essentially had nothing to do with the Joseon reality at the time. Added to that, overall information collected in the manual was too brief and ambiguous to be used in training soldiers, or to be effectively consulted by personnel in charge of such operations.
A leap from the 『JIndo-beob(陣圖法)』 stage to the 『Jinbeob(陣法)』 stage was led by King Sejong and an official named Byeon Gye-ryang(卞季良). The contents of the former text reflected the contents of the latter one, and at the same time was only composed of elements that were absolutely necessary in military training operations. Another manual called 『Gyechuk Jinseol(癸丑陣說)』 was a military strategy manual that was compiled and published in 1433(15th year of Sejong’s reign), when the so-called Pa’jeo-gang(婆猪江) river campaign was launched. This manual is hailed as the one that is full of real wartime examples that could inspire trainers and trainees. It is possible that the Pa’jeo-gang campaign may have had something to do with the compilation of this manual, but the actual publication date as well as people involved in the compilation process, suggest otherwise.
The aforementioned 『O’wi Jinbeob』 was compiled and published in 1451, the first year of king Munjong’s reign. Compared to earlier manuals, manners of troop organization and fashion of the command structure were considerably revised, in order for the readers to become capable of facilitating efficient mobilization of much larger armies. Usage of military assets were also described in great detail, with a standardized weapon usage protocol dictated as well, as developments in weapon production and creation of gunpowder-based firearms were requiring such upgrades to be made in the manuals. All of these were made possible because the compilers took time to analyze previous military theories and adjust them in the new book accordingly, while also taking advantage of past experiences collected from many previous operations including the Pa’jeo-gang campaign.
The Joseon military strategy, which in the early days of the dynasty was rather based upon theoretical and philosophical elements, later continued to shift its focus upon techniques that could be used in actual fighting and also planning of launchable campaigns. The military strategy was continuously refined so that it could be applied in operations that would involve much bigger military units, and it kept incorporating ancient military techniques that could be adjusted to benefit army units placed in contemporary situations.
The Joseon government was very much interested in establishing its own military institution. And one of the areas the government particularly concentrated its efforts on was the publication of military strategic manuals (“Jinbeob-so, 陣法書”). Jeong Do-jeon(鄭道傳)’s manual 『Jinbeob(陣法)』, which is the oldest strategy manual that remains today, contained basic theories of military operations as well as contents lifted from ancient Chinese strategy manuals. Unfortunately, much of them essentially had nothing to do with the Joseon reality at the time. Added to that, overall information collected in the manual was too brief and ambiguous to be used in training soldiers, or to be effectively consulted by personnel in charge of such operations.
A leap from the 『JIndo-beob(陣圖法)』 stage to the 『Jinbeob(陣法)』 stage was led by King Sejong and an official named Byeon Gye-ryang(卞季良). The contents of the former text reflected the contents of the latter one, and at the same time was only composed of elements that were absolutely necessary in military training operations. Another manual called 『Gyechuk Jinseol(癸丑陣說)』 was a military strategy manual that was compiled and published in 1433(15th year of Sejong’s reign), when the so-called Pa’jeo-gang(婆猪江) river campaign was launched. This manual is hailed as the one that is full of real wartime examples that could inspire trainers and trainees. It is possible that the Pa’jeo-gang campaign may have had something to do with the compilation of this manual, but the actual publication date as well as people involved in the compilation process, suggest otherwise.
The aforementioned 『O’wi Jinbeob』 was compiled and published in 1451, the first year of king Munjong’s reign. Compared to earlier manuals, manners of troop organization and fashion of the command structure were considerably revised, in order for the readers to become capable of facilitating efficient mobilization of much larger armies. Usage of military assets were also described in great detail, with a standardized weapon usage protocol dictated as well, as developments in weapon production and creation of gunpowder-based firearms were requiring such upgrades to be made in the manuals. All of these were made possible because the compilers took time to analyze previous military theories and adjust them in the new book accordingly, while also taking advantage of past experiences collected from many previous operations including the Pa’jeo-gang campaign.
The Joseon military strategy, which in the early days of the dynasty was rather based upon theoretical and philosophical elements, later continued to shift its focus upon techniques that could be used in actual fighting and also planning of launchable campaigns. The military strategy was continuously refined so that it could be applied in operations that would involve much bigger military units, and it kept incorporating ancient military techniques that could be adjusted to benefit army units placed in contemporary situations.
목차
머리말
1. 『진법』의 편찬과 ‘고대 진법’의 수용
2. 『진도법』에서 『계축진설』로의 수정
3. 『오위진법』의 편찬과 진법의 성립
4. 이론과 실제의 결합과 진법으로의 반영
맺음말
참고문헌
〈Abstract〉
참고문헌 (34)
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