가야를 전기가야 및 후기가야로 나눌 때, 후기가야의 대표적인 맹주는 고령을 중심으로하여 남쪽으로는 합천 · 거창 · 함양 · 산청 일부지역, 서쪽으로는 남원 · 장수 · 순천 일부지역을 포괄하는 세력으로, 소가야나 아라가야에 비하여 무기의 소유양상이 비교적 뚜렷하게 확인되고 있다. 본고에서는 대가야권에서 출토된 대도 · 철모를 중심으로 각 무기의 부분명칭에 대해 정리하고 속성분석을 실시한 후, 크게 두 가지 방향에서 대도와 철모의 변화양상을 살펴보았다. 첫째 대가야권 중심지역인 고령 · 합천지역과 대가야권 주변지역인 거창 · 함양 · 산청지역, 남원 · 장수지역의 무기가 어떠한 형식차를 보이는지 검토해 보았다. 그 결과 고령·합천지역은 봉토분부터 중·소형석곽묘에 이르기까지 신식무기를 빠르게 수용하고 널리 사용하는데 비해 대가야권 주변지역은 봉토분을 중심으로만 신식무기를 수용할 뿐 중 · 소형 석곽묘에서는 신식무기와 고식무기가 함께 사용되고 있으며 고식무기의 전통이 비교적 오랫동안 지속된다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 대도와 철모가 대가야권에 수용 · 전개되는 과정을 살펴본 결과 크게 3차례에 걸쳐 대도와 철모가 변화하고 있음을 알 수 있었으며 특히 Ⅲ기는 대가야권만의 특징적인 형식의 철모와 함께 장식환두도가 다수 확인되고 있다.
When Gaya is divided into first part of Gaya and second part of Gaya, there were dominant forces in the Hapcheon, Geochang, Hamyang and Sancheong area in the south, Namwon, Jangsu, and Suncheon area in the west with Goryeong as the focal point. Daegaya has relatively clear showing of available weaponry compared to other Gaya forces. Under this article, the names of parts for respective weaponry were rearranged and the attribute analysis was implemented around the swords and spears excavated from the Daegaya region, and then, based on the foregoing, the change tendency of swords and spears were sought in largely two directions. First, swords were classified as Mokbyeong-do (sword without decoration on the handle) and sword with ring handle depending on the presence of ring handle, with the Mokbyeong-do available to classify in accordance with its length, presence of Gwanbu, and securing method of Byeongbu. Among them, for the case of the Gwanbu shape, Mokbyeong-do 1 was mostly the Pyeon-gwan while Mokbyeong-do 2 was excavated in the similar ratio of Pyeon-gwan and Yang-gwan. The Gwanbu shape confirmed from Mokbyeong-do 2 showed similar trend with the Gwanbu shape of sword with ring handle and it is considered as attributable to develop consistently with the manufacturing technique of the sword with ring handle. The sword with ring handle was available to classify in accordance with the joint method of the decoration of ring handle, ring handle and Byeongbu, and in the event of the central Daegaya region, the decorated sword with ring handle was confirmed from all large burial mounds and stone tombs while the ancient tombs around the Daegaya area was confirmed with the decorated sword with ring handle with only the burial mounds that the difference of decorated sword is recognized following for each region. Second, the spears were able to classify in accordance with Sinbu (spear blade part) cross-section type, Gongbu (where the handle of the spear is placed) end part type, presence of Gwanbu, and Gongbu cross-section type and the spears excavated from the Daegaya region had the tomb type for the Sinbu cross-section type with the exception of some decorated spears and spears with strong ceremonial feature. However, depending on each region and rank of the ancient tomb sites, there was difference in the Gongbu end part shape and Gwanbu shape and this is attributable to maintain the technologic elements of Jagi for such a long period of time for the lower ancient tomb site while the spears were manufactured by newest technology as it would be from the critical ancient tomb site. In addition, for the case of the Gongbu multi-angle spear, it is possible that the technology came from outside, but it also has the possibility of generating in the process of solidifying the joining of the Gongbu and the spear handle. Third, looking into the change trend for each region of sword and spear, Goryeong Jisan-dong ancient tomb site, the critical ancient tomb site, and Okcheon ancient tomb site and Bangyeje ancient tomb site, the strong ancient tomb sites of the Hapcheon region had relatively high ratio of the decorated swords as well as affirming the newest spears. Also, from the critical ancient tomb site for each region of Hamyang, Sancheong, Namwon and others, the weapons excavated from large burial mounds would be small number but had the burial with the decorated swords and spears. However, in the ancient tomb site distributed with relatively small and medium-scaled stone tombs, the burial units of weapons were greatly reduced compared to the number of ancient tombs and the type of weapons displayed the trend to maintain the old-style weapons rather than the new style of weapons like the critical ancient tomb site.
