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India's Motives for Nuclear Weapon Development
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인도 핵무기 개발의 네 가지 원동력

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Journal
육군군사연구소 군사연구 군사연구 제142호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2016.1
Pages
179 - 216 (38page)

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India's Motives for Nuclear Weapon Development
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As North Korea continues to carry out its missile and nuclear tests, posing a real and ever-increasing nuclear threat, the argument in South Korea for developing independent nuclear capabilities is gaining traction. Meanwhile, concerns over military effectiveness, compliance with non-proliferation regime, and economic interdependence have so far deterred South Korea from developing its own nuclear arsenal. However, India's successful development of independent nuclear capabilities, despite numerous obstacles it faced in the process, is a stark contrast to the traditional belief that democratic nations cannot easily arms itself with nuclear assets. India's case presents an interesting example as India is believed to have a long history of pursuing Pacifism, leading international non-proliferation efforts, and facing a number of domestic and international obstacles, including internal political strife. This article aims to examine how India has developed its nuclear capabilities, shedding a light on how nuclear development process can take place in a democratic nation. In order to investigate the factors that played a role in overcoming barriers in the NPT system and "Nuclear Taboo," especially during the time of Peaceful Nuclear Explosion in 1974, this paper points out strategic structure and threatening incident, scientific technology that serves as a basis for nuclear development, and internal politics that organizes and leads the scientific effort as the core driving force behind India's development of its nuclear arsenal. To achieve this goal, this paper examines the period from the Nehru administration after independence to the Desai administration in the 1970s. First, India's pursuit of Non-alignment Policy challenged the binary cold war world order and served as a catalyst for developing independent nuclear capabilities. Second, various external threats also motivated India to develop nuclear assets. Third, the Indian scientific community, led by Homi Bhabha, took advantage of its independence status and built momentum to ultimately guide the political decision. Lastly, the Indian legislative branch's various spectrum simultaneously facilitated and delayed the development of nuclear capabilities.

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