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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
대한중국학회 중국학 중국학 제36호
발행연도
2010.1
수록면
251 - 285 (35page)

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China was a feudal country for about 2,000 years when a number of uprising by peasants took place endlessly because of exploitation by bureaucrats. Those peasants requested reforms in land distribution system that would raise their social position and bring financial profits to them. The Chinese population was about 80 million in the Han period. It was slowly increased to 120 million which was maintained in the T'ang, Song, Win and Ming periods. But the population was explosively increased to 430 million in the Ching period. or this reason, lots of peasants moved to inland, mountainous places where they faced resistance from natives who had been farming there for generations. Cheongbang' was a private organization that was initially formed in the Ching period by seamen who worked at a large canal in the southern part of China. It was later integrated with Hongbang into 'Chenghongbang'. After the Xinhai Revolution, Cheonghongbang didn't intervene in political incidents any more. But some members of the organization formed another organization, or 'Banghoe' as one of the most representative crime bodies in the modern history of China. Leaders of Cheonghongbang who had been the puppets of the Chinese National Party were later moved to Taiwan along with the party, took refuge to Hong Kong and Macao or hided themselves in the Chinese emigrants of southeastern Asian countries. And there, they formed a pan-Asian crime organization, that is, 'Triad' or 'Samhaphoe'. The other members of Cheonghongbang who were left in the mainland China return to the life of ordinary people after submitting a written oath not to involve in crimes in accordance with the anti-crime guidelines of the Democratic People's Republic of China which was founded in 1949. As Deng Xiaoping implemented policies for national reforms and opening, pseudo-underworld society crime organizations began to gradually emerge in the southeastern coastal cities of the country. Since then, about 30 years have passed. Now, the organizations exist in all regions and business fields of China. They are maintaining mutual cooperative relationships with the security police. The organization is offering bribes to the police. In return, the police is aiding the crime bodies to be firmly established and continuously developed.
#천지회 #Tiandihui) #홍방 #Hongbang) #청방 #Qingbang) #청홍방 #Qinghongbang) #삼합회 #'Triad' or 'Sanhehui') #흑사회성질 범죄조직 #pseudo-underworld society crime organizations).

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