본고에서는 일제시기 경상북도 영천군 금호수리조합(이하 금호수조라 약함)과 일본인 농업경영을 살펴보았다. 금호수조는 산미증식계획 시기인 1931년 2월 설립되어 1962년까지 운영되었다. 금호수조의 몽리구역은 영천군 금호면, 청통면, 경산군 와촌면 일대로 몽리면적이 530정보였다. 금호수조 설립 주체는 영천군청과 대지주들이었다. 영천군의 대표적인 대지주들은 동양척식주식회사, 조선흥업주식회사 경산관리소, 정해붕 등이었다. 그들은 일제초기부터 금호강 유역의 비옥한 대구평야에 주목하였다. 당시 영천군은 경북의 대표적인 곡물생산지이자 곡물이출지였다. 금호수조 설립 측에서 내건 설립 목적은 조합 구역 내 토지의 농업상 이용을 증진하기 위함이었다. 그러나 실제 금호수조 설립 목적은 다른 곳에 있었다. 그 이유는 첫째, 영천군은 기존의 수리시설(제언)이 전국에서 가장 많은 곳으로 새로운 수리시설이 필요 없는 지역이었다. 몽리구역 내에 수원은 저수지 5개소, 보 1개소였다. 둘째, 금호수조 몽리구역의 논 비율이 98.2%로 비옥한 토지가 대부분이었다. 지목변환이 필요한 밭과 산림이 적었다. 결국 당시 금호수조 설립 목적은 영천군으로 이주한 일본인 대지주와 조선인 대지주의 농업경영에서의 이윤 확대가 목적이었다. 영천군에는 일제 초기부터 동양척식주식회사와 조선흥업주식회사 경산관리소가 소작을 통한 농업경영을 하였다. 당시 영천군은 경북지역에서도 소작쟁의가 많이 일어난 곳으로 인근 대도시인 대구에 사는 지주들이 많았다. 금호수조 구역 내 지주 가운데 이주일본인, 동척, 조선흥업 경산관리소, 정해붕 등이 소유한 토지가 전체 금호수조 몽리면적의 79.6%를 차지했다.
A Study on the Geumho Irrigation Association in Yeongcheon-gun County, Gyeongsangbukdo Province and the Agricultural Management during the Japanese Colonial Period. looked at the Kumho Irrigation Association in Yeongcheon-gun, North Gyeongsang Province during the Japanese colonial era and the Japanese agricultural management. Kumho Irrigation established in February 1931 during the period of the plan to increase the number of years before its operation until 1962. The Mongri-myeon area of Geumho Irrigation was 530 information in the area of Geumho-myeon, Yeongcheon-gun, Cheongtong-myeon, and Wachon-myeon, Gyeongsan-gun. The purpose of the establishment of the Geumho Irrigation was to promote agricultural use of land within the confederacy zone. However, the real purpose of the establishment of the Geumho Irrigation was to increase profits in farming management of large landowners who were absent from Yeongcheon County. The owners of the Kumho Irrigation were the owners of Dongyang Cheok Sik Co., Joseon Heungkuk Co., Gyeongsan Management Co., and Jeong Hae-bong of the Daegu Department. Since the early days of Japanese colonial rule, they have been engaged in agricultural management in Yeongcheon-gun, paying attention to the fertile Daegu Plain in the Geumho River basin. At that time, Yeongcheon-gun was a rural area adjacent to Daegu, a large city, and was noted for its representative grain production and grain source in North Gyeongsang Province. Geumho Irrigation was established by the power of Yeongcheon County Office and its owner, the landowner. As a result, it was directed toward forcing local residents to sacrifice and collapse. In response, some landlords staged a campaign to revoke the approval right after the approval of the association. There were two reasons. First, it was a problem of excessive business expenses resulting from the establishment of a repair union. Geumho Irrigation was established as part of its plan to increase the production cost, but the decline in grain prices made it difficult for the company to cover taxes and annual construction costs. At that time, the "Mongli District of Geumho Irrigation" was also a "massive wilderness" in North Gyeongsang Province, adding to the burden on residents of the massive repair unions. Second, it was due to the deceitful behavior of the Geumho Irrigation. In Geumho Irrigation, the residents were deceived and the project was scaled down to receive an agreement. In particular, the agreement of 1,300 landowners was received in a different language than the design. It also contributed to the campaign to revoke the license with coercion and deception. Meanwhile, in the Geumho Irrigation area, Japanese and Korean landowners, who were absent from Yeongcheon County, were operating farming as tenants. Dongcheok was Youngcheon County's largest owner. At that time, Yeongcheon-gun was an area where the problem of land ownership was serious. The share of sharecroppers was second only to Gyeongju in North Gyeongsang Province. In particular, 79.6 percent of the land owned by Koreans living in the Geumho Irrigation area was owned by the Lee Ju-Jo, Tongyang Cheok-Sik Corporation, the Gyeongsan Management Office of the Joseon Heungeop Corporation, and Jeong Hae-Bung. Yeongcheon-gun's absentee landowners were able to build the Geumho Irrigation. The absentee owners of Yeongcheon-gun tried to maximize the profits of farming by establishing the Geumho Irrigation. As a result, the peasants' struggle in the Geumho Irrigation area was intensified.