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Mao and Maoism on the CCP's Centenary - Origins, Interpretations, Appropriations –
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中共 100년의 마오와 마오이즘 — 기원, 해석, 전유 —

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Sang-Soo Park (高麗大)
Journal
The Korean Association For Studies Of Modern Chinese History Korean Studies of Modern Chinese History Vol.91 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2021.9
Pages
151 - 190 (40page)
DOI
10.29323/mchina.2021.9.91.151

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Mao and Maoism on the CCP's Centenary - Origins, Interpretations, Appropriations –
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Abstract· Keywords

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This article explores the origins, interpretations, and appropriations of Maoism over the past 100 years of CCP history. As the concept and reality of Maoism has produced wide-ranging associations, any attempt to formulate a definition of it may unavoidably fall prey to the danger of simplification and bias.
To gain a comprehensive understanding of Maoism, this article focuses firstly on the historical context of the Communist revolution in which Mao Zedong"s thought was formed and evolved, and on the series of appropriations of this thought. Specifically, it examines the conditions of an underdeveloped agrarian society, the overwhelming of the Guomindang"s forces, the inner-Party power struggles in Jiangxi and Yan’an, the discourse of class struggle under Mao’s rule, the phenomenon of ‘Mao Zedong-ism’ during the Cultural Revolution, and the official stance of ‘seeking truth from facts’ which was in tension with the non-official Maoist Left’s egalitarianism, which developed in the post-Mao era.
Secondly, the paper looks at the orientation of Maoism. Mao Zedong"s thought in its formative stage displayed an inward orientation, with an emphasis on the Chinese national character and Chinese communists’ own practice of Marxism-Leninism. At the end of the 1950s this changed as Mao focused more on the reality of socialism, and a focus on China becoming a self-proclaimed ‘bastion of socialism’ in contrast to Soviet ‘revisionism’. The Cultural Revolution was a milestone for this conception of universally applicable Maoism, with both the First World and the Third World’s revolutionary movements becoming deeply inspired by this model. Post-Mao China largely reverted to its own nation-specific form of socialism through the concept of ‘Socialism with Chinese characteristics’.
Thirdly, the status of Maoism relative to Marxism-Leninism is discussed. Fierce debates over the originality and voluntarism of Maoism illustrate the various interpretations and appropriations produced by Western academia in the era of Mao. While a minority of researchers focused on the continuity of Maoism in relation to Marxist theory, and its development of the theory, the dominant strain of scholarship emphasized the ‘break’ and ‘deviation’ of Maoism from Marxist orthodoxy, based on textual comparisons. In a different vein, some ‘radical’ or ‘critical’ leftwing scholars paid attention to Maoist revolutionary objectives with the aim of shedding light on the liberatory potential of Maoism in the midst of what they viewed as the anarchy of the capitalist world.
In light of the diverse interpretations and appropriations of Maoism, this paper does not limit itself to Mao’s thought, theories, and orientations as evidenced in his works, but includes his revolutionary praxis and policies, the governance system of his era, and the explicit and implicit symbols embedded in all these facets of the era. Today’s continuing appropriations of Mao and Maoism implies that the thought and practice of Mao Zedong has a fertile afterlife. In that today’s Maoism is becoming both an alternative to capitalism and a competitive means of capitalist achievement, Maoism has not ceased to expand its range of associations and applications. On its centenary, though the CCP is an integral part of global capitalism and an advocate of free trade, the resilience of the unitary Party-state is likely related to the party"s flexible appropriation of Mao and Maoism.
#마오쩌둥 #마오이즘(마오쩌둥사상) #전유(專有/轉有) #역사적 맥락 #마오이즘의 정향 #마오이즘의 위상 #毛泽东 #毛主义(毛泽东思想) #挪用 #历史脉络 #毛主义的定向 #毛主义的地位 #Mao Zedong #Maoism(Mao Zedong Thought) #Appropriation #Historical Context #Orientation of Maoism #Status of Maoism

Contents

Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 마오의 혁명과 마오이즘의 기원
Ⅲ. 마오시대의 마오이즘
Ⅳ. 오늘의 마오이즘의 지형
Ⅴ. 결어
참고문헌
Abstract

References (133)

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中共中央文獻硏究室 / 1985 / 關於建國以來黨的若幹歷史問題的決義註釋本(修正) / 人民出版社 google schola 南街村 在毛澤東思想的指引下, 走出了屬於自己的共產主義(2021.3.22.) google schola 毛澤東的後代走上街頭(2002.3.25.) google schola 江西省檔案館中共江西省委黨校黨史研究室 / 1982 / 中央革命根據地史料選編, 下冊 / 江西人民出版社 google schola 中共中央關於加強黨的執政能力建設的決定(2004年9月19日中國共產黨第十六屆中央委員會第四次全體會議通過) google schola

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